Optical referencing technique with CW lasers as intermediate oscillators for continuous full delay range frequency comb interferometry

Deschênes, Jean-Daniel; Giaccarri, Philippe; Genest, Jérôme

doi:10.1364/oe.18.023358

Cited by 126 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…To our knowledge, our work demonstrates the narrowest spectral features ever measured with direct optical frequency comb spectroscopy, other than the comb lines themselves, which were measured using dual-comb spectroscopy [15]. It also proves that the resolution of a mechanical comb-based FTS is given by the comb linewidth, and not by the maximum optical path difference, provided that the nominal resolution of the FTS is matched to the repetition rate of the comb.…”

supporting

confidence: 57%

Sensitive and broadband measurement of dispersion in a cavity using a Fourier transform spectrometer with kHz resolution

Rutkowski¹,

Johansson²,

Gang³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Optical cavities provide high sensitivity to dispersion since their resonance frequencies depend on the index of refraction. We present a direct, broadband, and accurate measurement of the modes of a high finesse cavity using an optical frequency comb and a mechanical Fourier transform spectrometer with a kHz-level resolution. We characterize 16000 cavity modes spanning 16 THz of bandwidth in terms of center frequency, linewidth, and amplitude. We retrieve the group delay dispersion of the cavity mirror coatings and pure N2 with 0.1 fs 2 precision and 1 fs 2 accuracy, as well as the refractivity of the 3ν1+ν3 absorption band of CO2 with 5 × 10 -12 precision. This opens up for broadband refractive index metrology and calibration-free spectroscopy of entire molecular bands.OCIS codes : (140.4780) Optical resonators; (300.6300) Spectroscopy, Fourier transform; (260.2030) Physical optics, dispersion.Fabry-Perot cavities in combination with narrow linewidth continuous wave (cw) lasers are versatile tools for ultra-sensitive measurements of displacement, absorption, and dispersion. For example, high precision measurements of minute length variation of Fabry-Perot cavities enable detection of gravitational waves [1]. A pressure sensor based on the measurement of gas refractivity inside a cavity can outperform a manometer [2]. Cavity-enhanced molecular absorption [3,4] and dispersion [5,6] spectroscopies, which rely on the measurement of intracavity absorption losses and dispersion induced shifts of the cavity modes, respectively, provide complementary information about the molecular transitions and high sensitivity to absorption/dispersion. However, cw lasers allow such measurements only over narrow bandwidths, typically in the sub-THz range. Optical frequency combs, whose spectra consist of thousands of equidistant narrow lines, can probe cavity modes over a much broader bandwidth. In cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb absorption spectroscopy, spectra of entire molecular bands can be acquired with high resolution in short acquisition times [7][8][9][10]. Combs are also an ideal tool for measurements of broadband cavity dispersion induced either by the cavity mirror coatings or intracavity samples. However, previous demonstrations [11-13] did not fully benefit from the high frequency accuracy provided by the comb and suffered from poor spectral resolution (at the THz level).Recent advances in comb-based Fourier transform spectroscopy have provided means to measure spectra over the entire comb bandwidth with resolution directly given by the comb linewidth, using either dual-comb spectrometers [14][15][16][17] or mechanical Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS) [18]. Here we use a frequency comb and a mechanical FTS with sub-nominal resolution [18] to directly measure broadband transmission spectra of a high finesse cavity with high signal-to-noise ratio and frequency precision and accuracy. We fully characterize the cavity modes in terms of amplitude, width, and center frequency. From the shift of the cavity mod...

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supporting

confidence: 57%

Sensitive and broadband measurement of dispersion in a cavity using a Fourier transform spectrometer with kHz resolution

Rutkowski¹,

Johansson²,

Gang³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Three common examples are illustrated in Fig. 2: (1) the offset frequency, fceo, and the comb tooth spacing given by the repetition rate, frep, which stabilizes the comb to an rf reference [1,2], (2) the offset frequency, fceo, and the frequency of a single optical comb tooth, f n0 , that stabilize the comb to an optical reference [6] or (3) the frequency of two widely spaced optical comb teeth, f n0 and f n1 [79][80][81], that effectively stabilize the comb to their frequency difference. Any noise is then canceled either through active feedback to the oscillator or through signal processing [32,38,82,83].…”

Section: Principles Of Optical Frequency Combsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nice example of this approach occurs in microwave generation where frep is isolated and stabilized by detecting and signal processing fceo and fn [150,164]. Variations have been applied to both dual-comb spectroscopy [80,165,166] and in low noise optical frequency transfer [38].…”

Section: Stabilization By Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Frequency Comb Generation based on Erbium Fiber Lasers

et al. 2016

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Optical frequency combs have revolutionized optical frequency metrology and are being actively investigated in a number of applications outside of pure optical frequency metrology. For reasons of cost, robustness, performance, and flexibility, the erbium fiber laser frequency comb has emerged as the most commonly used frequency comb system and many different designs of erbium fiber frequency combs have been demonstrated. We review the different approaches taken in the design of erbium fiber frequency combs, including the major building blocks of the underlying mode-locked laser, amplifier, supercontinuum generation and actuators for stabilization of the frequency comb.

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“…In dual-comb spectroscopy [10][11][12][13][14] , a frequency comb is transmitted through an absorption cell. The beam of a second comb generator with slightly different line spacing is superimposed to the transmitted comb beam and they are heterodyned on a fast photodetector, yielding a down-converted radio-frequency comb containing information on the absorption experienced by the lines of the interrogating comb.…”

Section: Linear Absorption Dual-comb Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Raman dual-comb spectroscopy and imaging

et al. 2014

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The invention of the optical frequency comb technique has revolutionized the field of precision spectroscopy, providing a way to measure the absolute frequency of any optical transition. Since, frequency combs have become common equipment for frequency metrology. In the last decade, novel applications for the optical frequency comb have been demonstrated beyond its original purpose. Broadband molecular spectroscopy is one of those. One such technique of molecular spectroscopy with frequency combs, dual-comb Fourier transform spectroscopy provides short measurement times with resolution and accuracy. Two laser frequency combs with slightly different repetition frequencies generate pairs of pulses with a linearly-scanned delay between pulses in a pair. The system without moving parts mimics a fast scanning Fourier transform interferometer. The measurement speed may be several orders of magnitude faster than that of a Michelson-based Fourier transform spectrometer, which opens up new opportunities for broadband molecular spectroscopy. Recently, dual-comb spectroscopy has been extended to nonlinear phenomena. A broadband Raman spectrum of molecular fingerprints may be measured within a few tens of microseconds with coherent Raman dual-comb spectroscopy. Raster scanning the sample leads to hyperspectral images. This rapid and broadband label-free vibrational spectroscopy and imaging technique might provide new diagnostic methods in a variety of scientific and industrial fields.

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Optical referencing technique with CW lasers as intermediate oscillators for continuous full delay range frequency comb interferometry

Cited by 126 publications

References 14 publications

Sensitive and broadband measurement of dispersion in a cavity using a Fourier transform spectrometer with kHz resolution

Sensitive and broadband measurement of dispersion in a cavity using a Fourier transform spectrometer with kHz resolution

Optical Frequency Comb Generation based on Erbium Fiber Lasers

Coherent Raman dual-comb spectroscopy and imaging

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