Optical Properties of Nanostructured Optical Materials

Gehr, Ronald; Boyd, Robert W.

doi:10.1021/cm9600788

Cited by 252 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Further purification was achieved by using column chromatography (SiO 2 /20% dichloromethane in hexane). 1 …”

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-bromophenyl)-aniline (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residue was purified using column chromatography (SiO 2 /20% dichloromethane in hexane) to yield 453 mg (48%) of a slightly yellow impure oil, that was used in the next step without further purification. 1 96 (m, 6H), 6.64 (dd, J ) 4-Iodo-2,5-dihexylbenzaldehyde (4). To a solution of 1,4-diiodo-2,5-dihexylbenzene (4.98 g, 10 mmol) in THF (80 mL) at -78°C under nitrogen was added t-BuLi (13.8 mL, 1.45 M solution in pentane, 20 mmol) and the resultant solution was stirred at this temperature for 30 min.…”

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crystallization from ethanol gave a small amount of relatively pure 4, whereas the compound seems to decompose during chromatography on silica gel. 1 E,E-1,4-Bis(4-iodo-2,5-di-n-hexylstyryl)-2,5-dicyano-benzene (6). To a stirred solution of the bisphoshonate (5) (535.2 mg, 1.25 mmol) and 4-iodo-2,5-dihexyl-benzaldehyde (4) (1.02 g, 2.54 mmol) in THF (10 mL) under nitrogen was slowly added a suspension of KO-t Bu (291.2 mg, 2.6 mmol) in THF (5 mL).…”

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residue was purified using column chromatography (SiO 2 /hexane/methylenchloride (2:1)) to yield 580 mg (50% of the pure all-trans product 6). 1 -N,N-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (25 mg, 0.07 mmol) was added, because thin-layer chromatography still showed some 6, but no 3. After 44 h Pd(OAc) 2 (4.7 mg, 0.019 mmol), P(o-tolyl) 3 (30 mg, 0.19 mmol) and an additional amont of 4-butyl-N,N-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (29 mg, 0.08 mmol) were added and the solution was heated for further 22 h at 100°C…”

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] It is thought that giant local fields, leading to strongly enhanced nonlinear optical responses, can be generated in the vicinity of fractal clusters of metal nanoparticles. 4 A nonlinear optical process of current interest is two-photon absorption (TPA), wherein two quanta of light are absorbed simultaneously, which provides a means for three-dimensionally resolved excitation of materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Five Orders-of-Magnitude Enhancement of Two-Photon Absorption for Dyes on Silver Nanoparticle Fractal Clusters

et al. 2002

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Strong enhancement of the two-photon absorption of organic molecules near silver nanoparticle fractal clusters has been observed and has been exploited to yield composite materials with very strong two-photon absorption and two-photon-excited fluorescence properties. Measurements on cluster films coated with chromophoric polymer or with thiol-bound chromophores give spatially-averaged enhancements of 1000 and 20 000, respectively. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy studies show that the enhancements are spatially inhomogeneous, with peak-enhancement factors of g 10 000 (polymer/cluster) and g 160 000 (thiol chromophore/cluster), and excitation frequency dependent. These results are in accord with theoretical predictions of local-field effects due to strong localization of collective plasmon modes in fractal metal clusters, and demonstrate an approach to ultrasensitive two-photon processes.

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“…Further purification was achieved by using column chromatography (SiO 2 /20% dichloromethane in hexane). 1 …”

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-bromophenyl)-aniline (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Butyl-nn-bis(4-ethenylphenyl)-aniline (3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Five Orders-of-Magnitude Enhancement of Two-Photon Absorption for Dyes on Silver Nanoparticle Fractal Clusters

et al. 2002

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Preparation of the composite consisting of nano-sized gold particles and nylon-11 oligomer

Sayo

Deki

Hamada

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Nylon-11 oligomer was utilized as a matrix to prepare a composite containing nano-sized gold particles. Nylon-11 oligomer was prepared by a thermal degradation of a commercial nylon-11 in vacuum. Weight-average molecular weight of the oligomer was in a range from 500 to 800. Nylon-11 oligomer was formed into a film, and then gold was vapor-deposited onto the oligomer film. The gold-colored oligomer film turned a transparent red after a heat treatment at 120°C. Transmission electron microscopy showed an isolated distribution of nano-sized gold particles in the red film of the oligomer. The gold particles were stable in the oligomer for more than a year, and they were dissolved in CH 2 Cl 2 to produce a stable colloidal solution. These results suggest that the gold particles were not only dispersed in the oligomer film, but they were stabilized by the nylon-11 oligomer to form a composite. IR spectrum of the composite showed that NOH groups of the nylon-11 oligomer were responsible for the interaction between the gold particles and the oligomer. Pulse 1 H-NMR measurement suggested that an active molecular motion of the nylon-11 oligomer caused the dispersion of the gold particles.

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Nanocomposites

2004

Nanophotonics

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CHAPTER 10Nanocomposites Nanocomposites are random media containing domains or inclusions that are of nanometer size scale. These nanoscopic domains or inclusions are also referred to as mesophases, whereas the bulk phase that they constitute is called the macroscopic phase. Optical nanocomposites can be of two different types, depending on the size of domains or inclusions. In one type, the size of the domains or inclusions are significantly smaller than the wavelength of light. These nanocomposites can be prepared as very high optical quality fibers, films, or bulk in which each domain/inclusion can perform a specific photonic or optoelectronic (combined electronic and photonic) function. This permits introducing multifunctionality, and each of these functions can independently be optimized. The other type of nanocomposite contains domains/inclusions comparable to or larger than the wavelength of light. In this case, the nanocomposite is a scattering medium through which light transmission can be manipulated to produce various photonic functions. Both types of nanocomposites are described here.Section 10.1 provides a discussion of the merits of the nanocomposites as photonic media. Section 10.2 describes nanocomposites as media suitable for optical waveguiding. It describes how a glass:polymer composite can exploit the advantages of both polymer and glass. The incorporation of nanocrystal inclusions in such composites provides the benefit of manipulation of the refractive index of the overall macroscopic phase. Section 10.3 describes the usage of scattering-type nanocomposites as lasing medium. This approach has given rise to terms such as random lasers and laser paints, which are introduced in this section.Section 10.4 introduces the concept of electric field enhancement in a specific domain, by judicious selection of the constituent nanodomains. This field enhancement can be utilized to produce a significant increase in the strength of optical interactions-in particular, nonlinear optical effects, which strongly depend on the local electric field. Section 10.5 describes multiphasic nanocomposites that provide the exciting prospect of designing optical materials with many nanoscopic phases (mesophases). The optical interactions within and among mesophases can be controlled to derive a specific photonic response or multifunctionality. Examples of photonics applications are provided. Section 10.6 is an extension of the concept of multiphasic nanocomposite, applied to photorefractivity. Photorefractivity is a multifunctional property that involves two optoelectronic functionalities: photoconductivity and the linear electro-optic effect. The section illustrates how the use of

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Optical Properties of Nanostructured Optical Materials

Cited by 252 publications

References 83 publications

Five Orders-of-Magnitude Enhancement of Two-Photon Absorption for Dyes on Silver Nanoparticle Fractal Clusters

Five Orders-of-Magnitude Enhancement of Two-Photon Absorption for Dyes on Silver Nanoparticle Fractal Clusters

Preparation of the composite consisting of nano-sized gold particles and nylon-11 oligomer

Nanocomposites

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