A concise critical review of the antibacterial features of some nanoparticles (metallic and oxide semiconductors) is presented. The review starts with a brief analysis of the physical features of nanoparticles and includes a discussion about the system nanoparticles-water-light, which is of utmost importance in biological and medical cases. Both metal and semiconducting nanoparticles are releasing electrons under the effect of the incoming electromagnetic radiation (light). This is the source of major misunderstandings as the antibacterial features of nanoparticles can be intrinsic (in this case antibacterial capabilities will be measured in the absence of light) or mediated (in this case the antibacterial features will be observed solely under light irradiation). The critical review opens the discussion about the need for experimental measurements in dark and under the effect of light-a type of research that was typically disregarded. The main ideas are supported by examples from specialty research. New concepts as specificity and effectiveness of antibacterial features are tentatively suggested.