“…[1][2][3] Especially, the SPR biosensor is the most advanced and developed optical labelfree biosensor technology. [4] As an important application, some earliest SPR studies were devoted to the determinations of the optical and geometrical constants of thin metal films, and so it has been confirmed that the SPR technique is an accurate and simple method of characterizing thin metal films, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and it is particularly suited for studying thin metal films of a few hundred angstroms in thickness. [5,17,18] In all studies of characterizing thin metal films using SPs, an attenuated total reflection (ATR) prism coupling in the Kretschmann-Raether geometry has been always employed as the method of optical excitation of SPs, and among the four modulation approaches (including modulations in wavelength, angle, amplitude, and phase), angular modulation is the only adopted approach.…”