Optical MEMS devices based on moving waveguides

Ollier, E.

doi:10.1109/2944.991411

Cited by 98 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Also it is important to note that the criteria for detector lifetime degradation is based on receiving an unacceptable signal to noise ratio (SNR) output as a result of the accelerated temperature life test. There has been much interest in optoelectronic integrated devices (OEIDs) [2,5,9]. which are important for optical information processing and optical computing.…”

Section: Led Device Mo Deling Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such conditions are frequently encountered in many system applications, as well as in optocouplers (which contain LEDs). Another important factor is degradation during normal operation (wearout) which causes gradual decrease in light output [9]. Wearout degradation produces changes in LED characteristics that have many similarities to displacement damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiation Damage Effects in Heterostructure Light Emitting Diodes (HLEDs) under Proton Irradiation Fields

Rashed¹

2012

IJISA

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Abstract-In the present paper, we have been analyzed the high temperature variations testing in order to be used to determine light emitting diode lifetime, even though laser diode failure mechanisms are more sensitive to increases in current density. As a measured parameter of degradation, the current density is of great significance when searching for failure modes in a laser diode. Raising the current density however, is not really indicative of lifetime since it is more likely a situation to be avoided than one that simulates normal lifetime degradation. The reliability of semiconductor sources is very dependent on the degradation modes. This paper has investigated some of the degradation modes and capabilities of typical LEDs currently used in many communication and sensing systems over wide range of the affecting parameters. LED's are typically used in multimode transmission systems where data rates no larger than 50 Mbit/sec are required. They have larger spectral widths and can add to the problem of dispersion in communications systems. Laser diodes are used in systems that require coherent and often single mode light such as high data rate communications and sensing applications.

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Section: Led Device Mo Deling Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Damage Effects in Heterostructure Light Emitting Diodes (HLEDs) under Proton Irradiation Fields

Rashed¹

2012

IJISA

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“…MOEM devices using a single cantilever have been demonstrated previously, for example, where a moveable waveguide is displaced relative to a fixed waveguide. Ollier et al fabricated an optical switch based on silica-on-silicon technology that used electrostatic switching to function as a switch between channel waveguides [2]. While single cantilevers provide a way to create devices, the use of dual cantilevers has been pioneered by Park et al as a way of attracting cells to adhere to a cantilever, whereon they can be cultured and weighed using a resonance frequency method [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical dual-cantilever arrays in silica on silicon

Cooper¹,

Carpenter²,

Mennea³

et al. 2014

Opt. Express

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A dual cantilever device has been demonstrated which can operate as a force sensor or variable attenuator. The device is fabricated using physical micromachining techniques that do not require cleanroom class facilities. The response of the device to mechanical actuation is measured, and shown to be well described by conventional fiber optic angular misalignment theory. The device has the potential to be utilized within integrated optical components for sensors or attenuators. An array of devices was fabricated with potential for parallel operation.

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“…1,5 Recently, it was shown that motion of micron-scale devices can be monitored through changes in end-to-end alignment of optical waveguides. [9][10][11] In this letter, we propose an integrated and near-field optical motion detection technique that exploits near-field optical evanescent-wave coupling. We demonstrate that the technique works efficiently for nanoscale mechanical resonators, with greater sensitivity than conventional optical techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of nanomechanical motion by evanescent light wave coupling

Vlaminck

Roels

Taillaert

et al. 2007

Applied Physics Letters

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The authors demonstrate a technique allowing sensitive nanomechanical motion detection based on the evanescent light wave coupling between two photonic nanowires. Any relative motion between the nanowires results in a change in light coupling, providing a means of registering motion. The in-plane vibrations of a 220 nmϫ 400 nmϫ 10 m nanomechanical resonator were recorded using this method. An analysis of the sensitivity reveals the potential of this integrated technique to provide fast and sensitive motion detection. © 2007 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2746067͔ Nanoelectromechanical systems ͑NEMSs͒ have received great attention in recent years. Most research has focused on resonant devices for sensor applications. 1,2 Through scaling of the mechanical sensing element from the micron-to the nanoscale, researchers were able to improve the detection limits in force and mass sensing drastically. Devices sensitive enough to measure the magnetic moment of a single electron spin 3 or to perform zeptogram scale mass sensing 4 have resulted from efforts in scaling. A central problem in the development of even more sensitive mechanical sensors is the fast and high-precision detection of motion. In many cases, the performance of the sensor is restricted by the efficiency of the motion detection method employed, more so than by the inherent capabilities of the mechanical element. Much research has been devoted to solving this problem and a myriad of optical and electronic techniques has been developed. 5 Optical motion detection techniques have the inherent advantage that optical signals can be communicated with very large bandwidth. 6-8 Unfortunately, for conventional optical techniques, diffraction effects limit the attainable detection limits when the mechanical devices are scaled. It has been anticipated that these issues can be overcome by integration of mechanical sensors with nanophotonics and by exploiting optical near-field effects. 1,5 Recently, it was shown that motion of micron-scale devices can be monitored through changes in end-to-end alignment of optical waveguides. [9][10][11] In this letter, we propose an integrated and near-field optical motion detection technique that exploits near-field optical evanescent-wave coupling. We demonstrate that the technique works efficiently for nanoscale mechanical resonators, with greater sensitivity than conventional optical techniques.The approach offers potential for applications where robust and sensitive measurement of motion is required and applications requiring remote detection or detection of motion in harsh environments. The integration of the device with photonic circuitry reduces the complexity of addressing large arrays of devices.The detection of nanomechanical motion is achieved through the near-field coupling of light from a photonic waveguide to a mechanical resonator. The mechanical resonator acts as a photonic waveguide; when the evanescent tails of the guided modes of the resonator and waveguide overlap, photons tunnel from one wavegu...

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Optical MEMS devices based on moving waveguides

Cited by 98 publications

References 16 publications

Radiation Damage Effects in Heterostructure Light Emitting Diodes (HLEDs) under Proton Irradiation Fields

Radiation Damage Effects in Heterostructure Light Emitting Diodes (HLEDs) under Proton Irradiation Fields

Integrated optical dual-cantilever arrays in silica on silicon

Detection of nanomechanical motion by evanescent light wave coupling

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