Optical Interconnects for High Performance Computing

Taubenblatt, Marc A.

doi:10.1364/ofc.2011.othh3

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Over the past two decades, the high performance computing section has maintained a performance improvement trend of 85-90 % compound annual growth rate (CAGR) [6]. This trend is expected to continue for the foreseeable future due to the advances in multicore processors, accelerators, and increasing levels of parallelism across all layers of system hierarchy.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Switching in Next Generation Data Centers

Testa¹,

Pavesi²

2018

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This thesis presents advanced optical connectivity solutions for next-generation data centers, spanning millions of processing cores. The wavelength routing of optical packets based on arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs), tunable wavelength converters (TWCs), and fiber delay lines (FDLs) is a disruptive technology for capacity, footprint, and flexibility requirements of massive cloud data centers. We develop a wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) design based on Birkhoff-von Neumann architecture as a bitrate transparent, scalable solution to switching bottlenecks in data center networks. As no mature all-optical buffering technology is currently available, central to our design is the buffering strategy that we adopt to store contending packets. Due to the limited number of FDLs, packet drops are common in optical packet switching (OPS) data centers and limit the network throughput. In a practical scenario, physical layer impairments, predominantly amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and crosstalk, degrade Q-factor and lead to additional packet drops. To examine the performance of optical buffer units more accurately, we develop a unified analysis framework, integrating the network layer and the physical layer effects. Using this framework, we refine our architectures and provide guidelines for minimizing the physical layer impact. Besides, optical switch designs should not neglect the diversity of data center traffic patterns when developing connectivity solutions. Empirical studies of data center network traffic reveal that server traffic exhibits strong spatial and temporal correlations. We examine the effectiveness of an AWG-based load balancer with round-robin tuning TWCs in resolving congestion penalties in the data center network. Our cross-layer analysis suggests that the physical layer impairments due to the load balancer hardware could counteract its potential gains and lead to significant throughput degradation. To resolve this challenge, we develop a novel modular router architecture based on WDM shared recirculation buffers that integrates the functions of load balancing and routing and maximizes the optical buffering gains. The router employs a load-balancing scheduler to maximize throughput and minimize delay. Our mathematical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations show that the consolidation of optical buffer slots into WDM FDLs accompanied with internal load balancing leads to a virtually lossless router, resilient to data center traffic anomalies.ii

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Switching in Next Generation Data Centers

Testa¹,

Pavesi²

2018

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“…Traffic of data in modern data centers is growing exponentially and the increase is driven by high-definition video sharing, network communications and many other bandwidth hungry interconnect applications [1]. Limitations of traditional copper interconnects at high frequency make optical interconnect (OI) technologies a promising candidate for ultra-high speed signal transmission with lower cost and power consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and optimization of photonic devices and optical fibers for space-division multiplexing

Rahman

Mishra

Pan

2018

Metro and Data Center Optical Networks and Short-Reach Links

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Citation: Rahman, B. M. ORCID: 0000-0001-6384-0961, Mishra, J. K. and Pan, C.(2018). Design and optimization of photonic devices and optical fibers for space-division multiplexing. Proceedings of SPIE, 10560, 1056007.. doi: 10.1117/12.2291522 This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent ABSTRACTAlthough, the technological breakthroughs such as WDM had allowed the capacity per fiber to be increased around tenfold every four years in the past decade, however, the capacity of the optical communication systems based on these transmission technologies is slowly becoming saturated. To satisfy the exponential growth of the Internet traffic, for the next generation short reach systems, including data center transmission and optical interconnect (OI) applications, the space-division multiplexing (SDM) can be a way forward. The SDM technology based on the multicore fiber (MCF) has recently attracted much attention as a potential approach. In this paper, design strategy of computer-compatible 8-core trench-assisted MCF (TA-MCF) is presented to reduce the intercore crosstalk. Moreover, the influence of butt-coupled TA-MCF OI on coupling loss is also discussed. On the other hand, another alternative approach, the mode division multiplexing (MDM) is also showing promise and mode (de)multiplexer is one of the key devices in such a MDM system. Designs of mode splitters using asymmetric directional couplers for the fundamental quasi-TE (TM) mode with the higher order quasi-TE (TM) modes (de)multiplexer including the ( ), ( , ( , and ( ) modes are optimized by using a full-vectorial H-field finite element method.

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“…We consider this compact, on-chip integrable device to be especially useful for communication applications, where the distances are relatively short but high data rates are desirable, such as metro-access networks [19,35] and optical interconnects for data centers [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous wavelength and orbital angular momentum demultiplexing using tunable MEMS-based Fabry-Perot filter

Lyubopytov¹,

Porfirev²,

Gurbatov³

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Abstract:In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate simultaneous wavelength and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing/demultiplexing of 10 Gbit/s data streams using a new on-chip micro-component -tunable MEMS-based Fabry-Perot filter integrated with a spiral phase plate. In the experiment, two wavelengths, each of them carrying two channels with zero and nonzero OAMs, form four independent information channels. In case of spacing between wavelength channels of 0.8 nm and intensity modulation, power penalties relative to the transmission of one channel do not exceed 1.45, 0.79 and 0.46 dB at the harddecision forward-error correction (HD-FEC) bit-error-rate (BER) limit 3.8 × 10 -3 when multiplexing a Gaussian beam and OAM beams of azimuthal orders 1, 2 and 3 respectively. In case of phase modulation, power penalties do not exceed 1.77, 0.54 and 0.79 dB respectively. At the 0.4 nm wavelength grid, maximum power penalties at the HD-FEC BER threshold relative to the 0.8 nm wavelength spacing read 0.83, 0.84 and 1.15 dB when multiplexing a Gaussian beam and OAM beams of 1st, 2nd and 3rd orders respectively. The novelty and impact of the proposed filter design is in providing practical, integrable, cheap, and reliable transformation of OAM states simultaneously with the selection of a particular wavelength in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The proposed on-chip device can be useful in future high-capacity optical communications with spatial-and wavelengthdivision multiplexing, especially for short-range communication links and optical interconnects. Lavery, M. Tur, S. Ramachandran, A. F. Molisch, N. Ashrafi, and S. Ashrafi, "Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams," Adv. Opt. Photonics 7(1), 66-106 (2015). 9. L. Allen, M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. Spreeuw, and J. P. Woerdman, "Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes," Phys. Rev. A 45(11), 8185-8189 (1992). 10. S. Berdagué and P. Facq, "Mode division multiplexing in optical fibers," Appl. Opt. 21(11), 1950-1955 (1982). 11. A. Li, A. Al Amin, X. Chen, and W. Shieh, "Transmission of 107-Gb/s mode and polarization multiplexed CO-OFDM signal over a two-mode fiber," Opt. Express 19(9), 8808-8814 (2011). 12. C. Koebele, M. Salsi, D. Sperti, P. Tran, P. Brindel, H. Mardoyan, S. Bigo, A. Boutin, F. Verluise, P. Sillard, M.Astruc, L. Provost, F. Cerou, and G. Charlet, "Two mode transmission at 2×100 Gb/s, over 40 km-long prototype few-mode fiber, using LCOS-based programmable mode multiplexer and demultiplexer," Opt. Gb/s and 100 Gb/s operation over fiber optic cables," IEEE Std 802.3bm-2015. 42.

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Optical Interconnects for High Performance Computing

Cited by 51 publications

References 6 publications

Optical Switching in Next Generation Data Centers

Optical Switching in Next Generation Data Centers

Design and optimization of photonic devices and optical fibers for space-division multiplexing

Simultaneous wavelength and orbital angular momentum demultiplexing using tunable MEMS-based Fabry-Perot filter

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