Optical hydrogen sensing with nanoparticulate Pd–Au films produced by spark ablation

Green manufacturing of metallic nanoparticles: a facile and universal approach to scaling up

“…Commercial production of high-performing nanomaterialbased devices, such as batteries, 1,2 sensors, 3,4 and solar cells, 5,6 requires scalable fabrication processes that are robust, rapid and avoid the use of expensive and toxic chemicals. 7 These applications have attracted growing interest in conjunction with the synthesizing of diverse inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) with sub-10 nm primary particles and a well-defined chemical composition, and high purity.…”

“…25,28,29 This technique have focused on fabricating NPs using spark ablation (at low frequencies) for a number of new applications (Table S1). 3,6,7,19,25,29,[33][34][35][36][37][38]31,[39][40][41][42][43][44] Note that carrier gases and electrodes determine the particle composition. 25 Although manufacturing electrodes may not be particularly green, the use of recycled metals allows the green manufacturing of NPs.…”

Internally mixed nanoparticles from oscillatory spark ablation between electrodes of different materials

“…This phenomenon has been pointed out (Lahiri et al 2005;Xiong et al 2011), and related to the fact that a large fraction of the atoms occupies the material interface that influences their miscibility. Overall, producing singlet mixed NPs for which one can have great control over their size (Feng et al 2015(Feng et al , 2016c can enormously extends the capabilities and scope of resulting functional materials (Kim et al 2006;Byeon and Roberts 2012;Anastasopol et al 2013;Byeon and Kim 2014;Isaac et al 2015;Feng et al 2016b;Jang et al 2016;Kang et al 2016).…”

A fiber-optic nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensor via pattern-transfer of nanofabricated PdAu alloy nanostructures

“…Furthermore, the use of nanofabricated nanoparticle arrays with controlled composition provides access to design rules that enable the tailoring and maximizing of the sensor limit of detection by engineering nanoparticle size and shape and thus their plasmonic response, 26 yielding performance superior to thin film solutions. 27,28 We chose this particular application to demonstrate our nanopattern transfer method because a fiber optic platform is very attractive for hydrogen detection due to its effective remote readout that reduces the risk of spark generation at flammable hydrogen concentrations (i.e. 4-75 vol% H 2 ), as well as due to its small geometrical footprint and mass-pro-duction potential.…”

“…sition as it enables the complete suppression of hysteresis between hydrogen absorption and desorption, which is critical in a hydrogen sensing application. 28,52 Mechanistically, hysteresis is suppressed by pre-straining the Pd lattice by the Au (or other atoms with different atomic radius than Pd, e.g., Ag, Cu or Ni 25,44,[52][53][54] ) and the concurrent lowering of the critical temperature for the formation of the hydride phase. Furthermore, the high-temperature annealing step is also necessary to increase the mechanical stability of the C-layer, to enable the pattern transfer.…”