A fiber-optic nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensor <i>via</i> pattern-transfer of nanofabricated PdAu alloy nanostructures

Nugroho, Ferry Anggoro Ardy; Eklund, Robert; Nilsson, Sara; Langhammer, Christoph

doi:10.1039/c8nr03751e

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…The inherent hysteresis between hydride formation and decomposition in pure Pd significantly reduces both dynamic range and accuracy of hydrogen sensors. Nevertheless, this challenge has not been addressed until rather recently by alloying Pd with other metals, including PdAu, 19 , 231 , 243 , 244 , 253 PdCu, 58 PdNi, 242 PdTa, 254 and ternary PdAuCu 58 and PdCuSi alloys. 255 Depending on the atomic radius of the alloyants, two types of pressure–composition isotherms exist.…”

Section: Rational Design Of Nanostructured Pd-based Hydrogen Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Nanostructured Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensors—Current Limitations and Strategies for Their Mitigation

Nugroho²,

2020

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Hydrogen gas is rapidly approaching a global breakthrough as a carbon-free energy vector. In such a hydrogen economy, safety sensors for hydrogen leak detection will be an indispensable element along the entire value chain, from the site of hydrogen production to the point of consumption, due to the high flammability of hydrogen–air mixtures. To stimulate and guide the development of such sensors, industrial and governmental stakeholders have defined sets of strict performance targets, which are yet to be entirely fulfilled. In this Perspective, we summarize recent efforts and discuss research strategies for the development of hydrogen sensors that aim at meeting the set performance goals. In the first part, we describe the state-of-the-art for fast and selective hydrogen sensors at the research level, and we identify nanostructured Pd transducer materials as the common denominator in the best performing solutions. As a consequence, in the second part, we introduce the fundamentals of the Pd–hydrogen interaction to lay the foundation for a detailed discussion of key strategies and Pd-based material design rules necessary for the development of next generation high-performance nanostructured Pd-based hydrogen sensors that are on par with even the most stringent and challenging performance targets.

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Section: Rational Design Of Nanostructured Pd-based Hydrogen Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Nanostructured Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensors—Current Limitations and Strategies for Their Mitigation

Nugroho²,

2020

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“…In addition, they can be made small, relatively cheap and offer the possibility to spatially separate the readout from the sensing area. 1−8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Comparison of PdAu Alloy Thin Films and Nanoparticles upon Hydrogen Exposure

Bannenberg

Nugroho

Schreuders

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nanostructured metal hydrides are able to efficiently detect hydrogen in optical sensors. In the literature, two nanostructured systems based on metal hydrides have been proposed for this purpose each with its own detection principle: continuous sub-100 nm thin films read out via optical reflectance/transmittance changes and nanoparticle arrays for which the detection relies on localized surface plasmon resonance. Despite their apparent similarities, their optical and structural response to hydrogen has never been directly compared. In response, for the case of Pd1–yAuy (y = 0.15–0.30) alloys, we directly compare these two systems and establish that they are distinctively different. We show that the dissimilar optical response is not caused by the different optical readout principles but results from a fundamentally different structural response to hydrogen due to the different nanostructurings. The measurements empirically suggest that these differences cannot be fully accounted by surface effects but that the nature of the film–substrate interaction plays an important role and affects both the hydrogen solubility and the metal-to-metal hydride transition. In a broader perspective, our results establish that the specifics of nanoconfinement dictate the structural properties of metal hydrides, which in turn control the properties of nanostructured devices including the sensing characteristics of optical hydrogen sensors and hydride-based active plasmonic systems.

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“…To this end, we have recently explored the use of PdAu alloy nanoparticles as plasmonic hydrogen sensors. 11,15,18 This alloy, in particular the champion system Pd 75 Au 25 , displayed superior sensing metrics compared to the pure Pd analogue in that it features hysteresis-free response, sub-second response time at room temperature and most importantly up to 8 times higher sensitivity than pure Pd in the sub-40 mbar hydrogen pressure regime (in contrast to the PdCu system studied above where the corresponding sensitivity is reduced by a factor 4). However, as literature reports and as we show below also for our specific system, PdAu alloys are not resistant to poisoning and deactivation.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…Within this field, nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensors utilizing the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in hydride-forming metal nanoparticles as signal transducer are rapidly developing. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] They are intrinsically highly hydrogen selective since the hydrogen detection signal stems from the transition from the metallic to the metal hydride state via absorption of hydrogen into interstitial sites of the metal host. 10 Furthermore, their optical fingerprint is spectrally tunable, 11,16,[20][21][22] they exhibit high sensitivities, 11,12,19,23 can be miniaturized down to the single nanoparticle level, 13, [24][25][26] and are characterized by fast response due to the high surface-to-volume ratio of the active sensing entities.…”

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Rationally Designed PdAuCu Ternary Alloy Nanoparticles for Intrinsically Deactivation-Resistant Ultrafast Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensing

et al. 2019

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Hydrogen sensors are a prerequisite for the implementation of a hydrogen economy due to the high flammability of hydrogen-air mixtures. They are to comply with the increasingly stringent requirements set by stakeholders, such as the automotive industry and manufacturers of hydrogen safety systems, where sensor deactivation is a severe but widely unaddressed problem. In response, we report intrinsically deactivation-resistant nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensors enabled by a rationally-designed ternary PdAuCu alloy nanomaterial, which combines the identified best intrinsic attributes of the constituent binary Pd alloys. This way we achieve extraordinary hydrogen sensing metrics in synthetic air and poisoning gas background, simulating real application conditions. Specifically, we find a detection limit in the low ppm range, hysteresis-free response over 5 orders of magnitude hydrogen concentration, sub-second response time at room temperature, long-term stability and, as the key, excellent resistance to deactivating species like carbon monoxide, notably without application of any protective coatings. This constitutes an important step forward for optical hydrogen sensor technology, as it enables application under demanding conditions and provides a blueprint for further material and performance optimization by combining and concerting intrinsic material assets in multicomponent nanoparticles. In a wider context, our findings highlight the potential of rational materials design through alloying of multiple elements for gas sensor development, as well as the potential of engineered metal alloy nanoparticles in nanoplasmonics and catalysis.

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A fiber-optic nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensor via pattern-transfer of nanofabricated PdAu alloy nanostructures

Abstract: We demonstrate the transfer of arrays of nanofabricated noble metal and alloy nanostructures obtained by high-temperature annealing on a flat parent support onto optical fibers, to create a fiberoptic hysteresis-free nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensor.

Cited by 40 publications

References 59 publications

High-Performance Nanostructured Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensors—Current Limitations and Strategies for Their Mitigation

High-Performance Nanostructured Palladium-Based Hydrogen Sensors—Current Limitations and Strategies for Their Mitigation

Direct Comparison of PdAu Alloy Thin Films and Nanoparticles upon Hydrogen Exposure

Rationally Designed PdAuCu Ternary Alloy Nanoparticles for Intrinsically Deactivation-Resistant Ultrafast Plasmonic Hydrogen Sensing

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