Optical Frequency Standards Based on Neutral Atoms and Molecules

Riehle, F.; Helmcke, J.

doi:10.1007/3-540-44991-4_5

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This beam interacts with matter: either with assemblies of absorbers, included in vessels, as for instance I 2 [37], or with freely moving atoms, as for instance Ca atoms in a beam [37]. The alternative is the reaction of the radiation with single atoms or molecules, neutral or ionized, contained in a trap [38,39].…”

Section: Optical Frequency Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Instrumentation

Hoeschen

Mirandé

2007

The Optics Encyclopedia

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Optical instrumentation is based on phenomena caused by optical radiation. In this article, optical radiation is limited to a wavelength range between 200 nm and 50 µm. After a short survey about the historical development of optical instrumentation, phenomena resulting from the various characteristics of optical radiation, as for instance, a wave or a particle, are considered. Based on the wavelength character, optical instrumentation used for interferometry, colorimetry, spectroscopy, diffraction, imaging, and optical frequency standards is treated. The interaction of optical radiation with matter is used in refractometry, in polarimetry, for studying matter with ultrashort pulses of radiation, and for processing matter with radiation of high-energy density. Finally, the particle character is considered to be used for fields such as radiometry and energy conversion.

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Section: Optical Frequency Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the first technique, the interaction with assemblies or beams of particles, standard uncertainties as low as some parts in 10 −13 have been realized [37]. In principle, the uncertainty is limited by the movement of the atoms and the time of interaction between radiation and particles.…”

Section: Optical Frequency Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Instrumentation

Hoeschen

Mirandé

2007

The Optics Encyclopedia

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“…More recently, with the advent of optical communication technology using dense wavelength division multiplexed transmissions, the need for wavelength references in the telecommunication bands at λ = 1.3 and 1.55 µm has increased, and absorption lines of acetylene have been identified as molecular references in that region of the spectrum. Detailed accounts of frequency standards used for this purpose can be found in articles and textbooks, such as those by Gerber and Ballato (1984), Riehle (2002), Riehle and Helmcke (2001), Rovera and Acef (2001) and Weiss et al (2001). A detailed list of frequency standards in a wide range from the ultra-violet to the radio-frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum has been compiled by Knight (2001), including a comprehensive list of references.…”

Section: Optical Frequency Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency standards and frequency measurement

Bauch

Telle

2002

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Recent years have brought major breakthroughs in the development, operation and mutual comparison of frequency standards in the microwave as well as in the optical frequency domain. Several cold-atom fountains have been developed, using caesium as well as rubidium atoms. Some of them have been compared among each other. Mutual agreement of the order of one part in 10 15 was demonstrated for two caesium fountains operated side by side but also for two operated simultaneously in the US and Germany. Ultra-narrow resonances of optical transition lines were observed using single trapped ions, and a maximum line quality factor in excess of 10 14 was reported. Measurements of frequencies in the optical range of atomic transitions in neutral hydrogen and calcium, as well as in ions of indium, mercury, strontium and ytterbium, were performed. The last-named achievements were to a large extent enabled by the use of Kerr-effect mode-locked Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers and techniques of broadening the output spectrum of these lasers to an octave-wide comb.This paper reviews the current status in these fields, with similar emphasis on the standards and on the feasibility to transfer the properties of the standards from a local laboratory to a broader community.

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Optical Instrumentation

Hoeschen

Mirandé

2004

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical instrumentation is based on phenomena caused by optical radiation. In this article, optical radiation is limited to a wavelength range between 200 nm and 50 µm. After a short survey about the historical development of optical instrumentation, phenomena resulting from the various characteristics of optical radiation, as for instance, a wave or a particle, are considered. Based on the wavelength character, optical instrumentation used for interferometry, colorimetry, spectroscopy, diffraction, imaging, and optical frequency standards is treated. The interaction of optical radiation with matter is used in refractometry, in polarimetry, for studying matter with ultrashort pulses of radiation, and for processing matter with radiation of high‐energy density. Finally, the particle character is considered to be used for fields such as radiometry and energy conversion.

show abstract

Optical Frequency Standards Based on Neutral Atoms and Molecules

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

Optical Instrumentation

Optical Instrumentation

Frequency standards and frequency measurement

Optical Instrumentation

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