Optical fiber tip templating using direct focused ion beam milling

Micco, A.; Ricciardi, Armando; Pisco, Marco; Ferrara, V. La; Cusano, A.

doi:10.1038/srep15935

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Figure e shows the 1DDG profile along a scan line parallel to the periodicity axis and some results of the measurements (see the Supporting Information for AFM images of the pattern). As expected, the profile is pseudo‐trapezoidal. This effect is inherent of the FIB patterning process, which leads to an array of strips nonuniform along their depth, that is, wider than the nominal width Λ (1 − DC) = 770 nm on the top, and narrower on the bottom.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…, where a gradual reduction of the active region of a metallo‐dielectric plasmonic nanostructure from the entire cladding area down to a square area of 20 µm × 20 µm did not yield substantial variations in the retrieved spectral features, revealing a good robustness of the structure against finite‐size effects. Nevertheless, “edge” effects are known to strongly limit the outcoupling process in dielectric structures supporting high‐ Q propagating modes, with detrimental influence on the resonance visibility and bandwidth, as discussed and observed for both planar and fiber‐tip photonic resonators. In our case, if the BSW is not efficiently enclosed within the patterned area on the fiber tip, unavoidable losses are expected, due to both scattering at the discontinuity and coupling to BSWs sustained by the planar 1DPC surface outside the grating boundary.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After fabricating three 1DPC‐coated samples according to the design specifications above, we realized the required periodic pattern on their surface via a focused ion beam (FIB) milling method, already successfully utilized for fabricating fiber‐tip plasmonic/photonic resonant nanostructures such as “double‐layer” photonic‐crystal slabs, plasmonic metasurfaces, and microgel‐coated metal hole arrays . As a result, a square area of 47.2 µm × 47.2 µm was patterned around the core region of each sample, giving rise to a 1DDG with 40 periods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excitation of Bloch Surface Waves on an Optical Fiber Tip

Scaravilli

Micco

Castaldi

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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to the development of extremely sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, which can rely on mature fabrication technologies, standard biofunctionalization protocols, and commercial scale production. [1,[3][4][5] In spite of the excellent performance achieved by state-of-the-art SPR platforms, with reported limits of detection (LODs) approaching 10 −7 refractive index units (RIU), [4,6] further improvements are unavoidably limited by the reliance on lossy materials (typically metals). This yields an undesirable resonance broadening, thereby posing an upper bound to the overall figure of merit (FOM). [6] For this reason, there is a strong push to explore alternative, larger-FOM SW implementations. [1,[7][8][9][10][11] As a prominent example, Bloch SWs (BSWs) on truncated 1D photonic crystals (1DPCs) represent an attractive alternative to SPPs, as recently demonstrated in several proof-of-principle studies. [9,[12][13][14][15][16] In spite of sensitivities to local refractive index (RI) changes lower than SPR platforms, the completely dielectric low-loss structure of a BSW sensor yields sensibly sharper resonances, leading to generally larger FOMs. [13][14][15][16][17] This has recently led to the successful development of label-free biosensors exhibiting competitive performance in practical biomolecular detections. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Moreover, BSW structures offer further benefits with respect to other SW-based counterparts, such as easy realization and experimental observation, and great flexibility in terms of wavelength range of operation, materials choice, and tailoring of the field distribution for specific sensing applications. [1,9,[13][14][15]17,[26][27][28] While most sensing platforms proposed in the literature rely on bulky prism-coupled planar configurations, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] the integration of BSW structures with optical fibers would bring significant benefits in terms of compactness, light weight, remote sensing capability, biocompatibility, and ease of interrogation. This is especially attractive within the emerging "labon-fiber" technology framework. [29][30][31][32][33][34] The interest in this topic has started growing within the last two years, as witnessed by theoretical studies of BSW sensors based on the use of D-type fibers, [35] and unclad regions of multimode fibers. [36] A first experimental demonstration on a tapered single-mode fiber has also been provided very recently. [37] Within this context, a more intriguing scenario is represented by the integration of the resonant structure directly on the fiber tip. This would allow exploiting fabrication methodologies typically adopted for photonic biochips, thereby enabling the development of probes The integration of structures supporting Bloch surface waves (BSWs) with optical fibers is highly desirable, since it would enable the development of high-figure-of-merit miniaturized all-fiber optrodes, opening new pathways within the "lab-on-fiber" roadmap. Here, the first expe...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excitation of Bloch Surface Waves on an Optical Fiber Tip

Scaravilli

Micco

Castaldi

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…Recently, Micco et al. proposed a technique for templating the optical fiber tip . The process is based on a direct writing process followed by a high RI (nSiOx) overlay deposition, giving rise to a ‘double‐layer’ PC slab supporting guided resonances.…”

Section: Lab On Tipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lab on Fiber Technology for biological sensing applications

Vaiano

Carotenuto

Pisco

et al. 2016

Laser & Photonics Reviews

237

155

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This review presents an overview of “Lab on Fiber” technologies and devices with special focus on the design and development of advanced fiber optic nanoprobes for biological applications. Depending on the specific location where functional materials at micro and nanoscale are integrated, “Lab on Fiber Technology” is classified into three main paradigms: Lab on Tip (where functional materials are integrated onto the optical fiber tip), Lab around Fiber (where functional materials are integrated on the outer surface of optical fibers), and Lab in Fiber (where functional materials are integrated within the holey structure of specialty optical fibers). This work reviews the strategies, the main achievements and related devices developed in the “Lab on Fiber” roadmap, discussing perspectives and challenges that lie ahead, with special focus on biological sensing applications.

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“…The 1DPC is terminated with a SiO layer, and the external medium is air ( 1 ext n = ). As customary in lab-on-fiber scenarios [28,29,[33][34][35][36], in order to guarantee the computational affordability of our numerical study, we approximate the impinging fiber mode with a normally-incident plane wave, thereby neglecting the illumination tapering and polarization non-uniformity. It is worth emphasizing that previous experimental validations in other lab-on-fiber configurations have indicated that this approximation typically provides acceptable accuracy in the prediction of the optical response and sensitivity [28,[33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Geometry and Generalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grating-coupling-based excitation of Bloch surface waves for lab-on-fiber optrodes

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this paper, we investigate the possibility to excite Bloch surface waves (BSWs) on the tip of single-mode optical fibers. Within this framework, after exploring an idealized, proof-of-principle grating-coupling-based scheme for on-tip excitation of BSWs, we focus on an alternative configuration that is more robust with respect to fabrication-related nonidealities. Subsequently, with a view towards label-free chemical and biological sensing, we present a specific design aimed at enhancing the sensitivity (in terms of wavelength shift) of the arising resonance with respect to changes in the refractive properties of the surrounding environment. Numerical results indicate that the attained sensitivities are in line with those exhibited by state-of-the-art plasmonic bioprobes, with the key advantage of exhibiting much narrower spectral resonances. This prototype study paves the way for a new class of miniaturized high-performance surface-wave fiber-optic devices for high-resolution label-free optical biosensing, and represents an important step forward in the "lab-on-fiber" technology roadmap.

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Optical fiber tip templating using direct focused ion beam milling

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Excitation of Bloch Surface Waves on an Optical Fiber Tip

Excitation of Bloch Surface Waves on an Optical Fiber Tip

Lab on Fiber Technology for biological sensing applications

Grating-coupling-based excitation of Bloch surface waves for lab-on-fiber optrodes

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