Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Nickel-Substituted Cobalt–Zinc Ferrite

Iraqi Journal of Science

2023

This study uses the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) technique to find the lead(Pb) and sulfur (S) plasma parameters employing a pulse of Nd: YAG laser (Q-switched 1064nm wavelength) and different laser energies of (400,500,600 and 700 mJ). The electron temperature Te (eV) is calculated using the Boltzmann-Plot method, and the electron density ne (cm-3)is determined by the Stark broadened way. Moreover, Debye length λD (cm) and plasma frequency ωp (Hz) are studied as a function of laser energy. An apparent increase was noted in the electron temperature of lead plasma and a decrease in sulfur plasma. The results also showed that each increase in the laser intensity causes an increase in the optical emission peaks. This experiment was carried out under atmospheric pressure.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Lead and Sulfur Plasma Parameters by Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Ketan

Iraqi Journal of Science

2023

“…LIBS is based on studying spectral lines emitted by the plasma generated when a sample surface is irradiated with a high-intensity focused laser beam, resulting in dense hot plasma at the surface. The resulting plasma contains atoms and ions in various excited states that emit radiation when they transit to lower energy states [3]. Optical emission from laser-generated plasmas has been studied extensively in recent years, and the atomic and ionic line emission was estimated using the laser interaction with the sample target [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diagnostics of plasma may be performed by estimating plasma parameters, such as electron temperature and density. The plasma characterization is affected by laser parameters (wavelength, laser intensity, pulse duration, time delay), experimental conditions, and target properties [2,3,4]. Many experimental research is available in literature discussing the plasma parameters, including laser energy effect, wavelength dependency, spatial and temporal behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopy Diagnostic of Laser Intensity Effect on Zn Plasma Parameters Generated by Nd: YAG Laser

Mohammed

Ahmed

2022

eijs

The creation and characterization of laser-generated plasma are affected by laser irradiance, representing significant phenomena in many applications. The present work studied the spectroscopy diagnostic of laser irradiance effect on Zn plasma features created in the air by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength (1064nm). The major plasma parameters (electron temperature and electron density) have been measured using the Boltzmann plot and the Stark broadening methods. The value of electrons temperature ranged from 6138–6067 K, and the electron density in the range of 1.4×1018 to 2×1018 cm-3, for laser irradiance range from 2.1 to 4.8×108 (W/cm2). The McWhirter criterion for preserving a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition is confirmed in this study. Furthermore, other fundamental plasma parameters, such as Debye length (λD), number of particles in Debye sphere (ND), and plasma frequency (ωp), were measured. We found that all plasma parameters are affected by laser intensity.

“…The sample surface is irradiated with a focused, high-intensity laser beam, which results in a hot plasma on the surface. When atoms and ions in different excited states shift to lower energy levels in the resulting plasma, they emit light which can be analysed using spectral analysis techniques [3]. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is a valuable technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Calcium Plasma Parameters by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Technique

Hachim

Iraqi Journal of Science

2022

In this work, the effect of laser energy on the properties of a calcium plasma generated by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength was studied using spectroscopy. The Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening method were used to measure the main plasma parameters (electron temperature and electron density). The electron temperature ranged ( 0.169 -0.172 ) eV, the electron density ranged ( 2.10 – 2.63 ) for laser energy range of ( 400 – 700) mJ. Other basic plasma properties were also measured, including the Debye length, the number of particles in the Debye sphere, and the plasma frequency. Laser energy affects all plasma parameters, according to our results.