Spectroscopy Diagnostic of Laser Intensity Effect on Zn Plasma Parameters Generated by Nd: YAG Laser

Abstract

The creation and characterization of laser-generated plasma are affected by laser irradiance, representing significant phenomena in many applications. The present work studied the spectroscopy diagnostic of laser irradiance effect on Zn plasma features created in the air by a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength (1064nm). The major plasma parameters (electron temperature and electron density) have been measured using the Boltzmann plot and the Stark broadening methods. The value of electrons temperature ranged from 6138–6067 K, and the electron density in the range of 1.4×1018 to 2×1018 cm-3, for laser irradiance range from 2.1 to 4.8×108 (W/cm2). The McWhirter criterion for preserving a local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition is confirmed in this study. Furthermore, other fundamental plasma parameters, such as Debye length (λD), number of particles in Debye sphere (ND), and plasma frequency (ωp), were measured. We found that all plasma parameters are affected by laser intensity.

Influence of a Magnetic Field on the Structure, Morphology and Gas Sensing Characteristics of ZnO: Al Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation

“…Response time and recovery time were evaluated from 90% of the resistance variation [29]. The added impurities may be associated with increased oxygen vacancies caused by the ZnO: Al lattice, which is the main factor in the gas sensing mechanism [30], [31]. Figures (9) and (10) illustrate the resistance variation of ZnO: Al0.3 wt% and ZnO: Al0.5 wt% samples prepared without and with the magnetic field, respectively, when exposed to 100 ppm concentration of H2S.…”

Influence of A.C. Frequency on Hollow Magnetron Sputtering Discharge Parameters

“…The value of N D indicates the total number of particles included in Debye's sphere, which is based on how dense the electrons are, e: electron charge in (C) [45]; this is the second condition for plasma to exist [46][47][48][49][50][51]:…”

Numerical Analysis for Streamer Discharge at the Discharge Transition from the Second to the Third Mode in Transformers Oil

“…The equation has the following components: 𝑛 0 is the density of molecules in the ionizable transformer oil; 𝒂 is the spacing among molecules; h is the Planck constant; Δ is the electric energy required to emit the molecules; m*is the effective electron mass; | 𝑬 ⃗⃗⃗⃗ | is the electric field; and 𝒒 is the electric charge t. The main physical parameters needed for this study's simulation model were gathered from the literature [13] [14] [15] [16] and are listed in Table Table 1: some of the field ionization parameter values of streamer models.…”