In the present study, Ta 2 O 5 crystalline nanoparticles are produced in an appreciable volume using a quite simple anodic arcdischarge in the water system supplied with moderate dc power ͑Ͻ1 kW͒. To the best of our knowledge, these nanoparticles of high technological interest are for the first time produced by such gas-phase method. The system is characterized in real-time, during the nanoparticle formation, by electrical measurements, optical emission spectroscopy, and indicative high speed imaging, demonstrating the physicochemical processes that lead to supersaturated vapors promoting crystal growth. The product is extensively considered by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and particle size distribution measurements. Crystalline spherical nanoparticles with a structure that is stable at room temperature are identified. The importance of the present work consists in the possibility for full scale reliable production of dielectric nanoparticles useful, for instance, in the fabrication of composite materials with superior physical and chemical properties.Tantalum pentoxide ͑Ta 2 O 5 ͒ is a refractory dielectric material extensively used for electronic devices and other applications. Electrolytic capacitors have made use of the chemical and thermal stability of amorphous Ta 2 O 5 having a dielectric constant value between 25 and 27, while ceramics based on crystalline Ta 2 O 5 have exhibited dielectric constant values of up to 280 at room temperature 1 providing obvious merits for construction of miniaturized devices, such as high density dynamic random access memories. 2-4 Additional unique properties of Ta 2 O 5 such as its high refractive index ͑about 2.2͒, very low light absorption coefficient, and wide optical bandgap ͑4.35 eV͒ offer the possibility for further applications such as photonic crystal waveguides or other active optical devices 5 and antireflection coatings on solar cells. 6 Piezoelectric thin films 7 and improved pitting corrosion resistance of metal substrates 8 are two last but not least applications.However, due to their peculiar structural characteristics and size effects, nanomaterials demonstrate some physicochemical properties, which are different from those of the bulk materials and are of great interest both for the theoretical study and for the potential nanodevice applications. 9-11 Thus, doping with the aforementioned important metal oxide on the nanometer scale could tailor the key physical properties of many composite materials. Indeed, Ta 2 O 5 nanoparticles ͑NPs͒ are promising candidates for nonlinear optical materials with good thermal stability, 12 promote photocatalytic reactions under deaerated and aerated conditions, 13 increase the performance of high temperature metal-insulator-silicon carbide gas sensors, 14 provide ceramic/polymer nanocomposites for polymer waveguides, 15 just to name a few applications, and they have generally evoked great interest for the modification of bulk material's characte...