Optical/electrochemical methods for detecting mitochondrial energy metabolism

Abstract

This review highlights the biological importance of mitochondrial energy metabolism and the applications of multiple optical/electrochemical approaches to determine energy metabolites.

Small-molecule fluorogenic probes for mitochondrial nanoscale imaging

“…Furthermore, mtDNA can regulate mitochondrial function by controlling replication, senescence, and protein expression; thus, understanding these dynamic behaviors and their environmental controls in live cells is critical in mitochondrial biology. 141–143 Yang et al designed a fluorogenic probe, QVD-B , which is specifically enriched in mitochondria via MMP and responds to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , orange), protein (red), and nucleic acid (deep red) with three different fluorescence colors, allowing them to visualize the mitochondrial nucleoprotein dynamics (Fig. 10c).…”

CRISPR/Cas9-based coronal nanostructures for targeted mitochondria single molecule imaging

“…Considering that mitochondria are widely distributed in the cytoplasm, this places high demands on the specificity and sensitivity of mitochondrial detection and imaging. 6 Mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) are mitochondria-specific miRNAs thought to be involved in a variety of specific cell behaviors in cancer. 7–9 This kind of naturally specific target unit in live cells enables a fluorescent probe to catch mitochondria accurately.…”

Pyrimidine‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Mitophagy via Detection of Mitochondrial pH Variation

“…Mitochondria produce the energy required to maintain cell activity, which is essential for cellular metabolism, inflammation modulation, calcium storage, and cell death initiation. [1][2][3][4] Dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria induce oxidative stress and encumber the energy metabolism, threatening systemic integrity. [5][6][7] Impaired removal of mitochondrial is closely associated with aging and many pathological states, including neurological diseases (e. g., Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease) and even cancers.…”

“…Mitochondria produce the energy required to maintain cell activity, which is essential for cellular metabolism, inflammation modulation, calcium storage, and cell death initiation [1–4] . Dysfunctional or damaged mitochondria induce oxidative stress and encumber the energy metabolism, threatening systemic integrity [5–7] .…”