Optical data link assembly for 360 &amp;#x00B5;m diameter IVUS on guidewire imaging devices

Stoute, R.L.; Louwerse, M.C.; Rens, Jeannet van; Henneken, Vincent; Dekker, R.

doi:10.1109/icsens.2014.6984972

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Next, an IVUS catheter can be slid over the guidewire, reaching the point of intervention to diagnose the diseased coronary artery and hence select the optimal dimension and position for stenting (Fig. 1 (a)) [7]. The distal tip of the IVUS catheter contains an ultrasound transducer array for imaging and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for signal processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

25.8 Gb/s Submillimeter Optical Data Link Module for Smart Catheters

Henneken

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The digitization of smart catheters will dramatically increase the demand for reliable and high data transmission in the distal tips. Optical fiber is a good candidate to provide high-speed data transmission. However, the extremely small size of the smart catheter tip, with less than a few millimeters in diameter, hampers the integration of optical fiber connections in the catheter tip. Our work presents a stand-alone optical data link module (ODLM) with a dimension of 240 µm  280 µm  420 µm for use in a 1 mm diameter intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) smart catheter. The fabrication of the ODLM is based on the Flex-to-Rigid (F2R) integration technology. In the ODLM, the flexible interconnects reroute the electrical contacts of the flip-chipped vertical-cavity sur-face-emitting laser (VCSEL) to the side of the device. This design enables the ODLM to be mounted on a flex-PCB and fit into a 200-300 µm gap in the IVUS catheter tip. An optical fiber that runs parallel to the catheter shaft is self-aligned to a commercially available VCSEL by inserting it into the through-silicon hole (TSH) of the ODLM. Clear eye diagrams prove the stand-alone ODLM can transmit 25.8 Gb/s, 2 31 -1 Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) when driven through a high-speed bias-tee. The BER test indicates that error-free operation can be achieved at an optical output of around -4 dBm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

25.8 Gb/s Submillimeter Optical Data Link Module for Smart Catheters

Henneken

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…An example of this are the intra-vascular ultra-sound (IVUS) systems for image acquisition in catheterization laboratory (Cathlab), where powerful millimeter-sized ultrasounds and cameras are able to provide high-resolution images with low latency, which are suitable for IVUS operations [1]. In a conventional Cathlab, the images acquired by the different catheters are transmitted through a wired connection, which introduces a significant amount of cables in the vicinity of the stretcher, increasing the complexity of the procedure and complicating the sterilization processes [2], [3]. In that context, the adoption of wireless communications would be a solution for this problem, since most of the cables could be removed [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Highly-Efficient Amplification Scheme for Wireless Communications in a CathLab Environment

Viegas¹,

Serra

Guerreiro

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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Wireless communication systems are being considered for medical applications to facilitate the doctors' operation and the quality of the medical procedures. A demonstrative example of this is the catheterization laboratory (Cathlab), where it is desirable to replace the existent wired connections by wireless alternatives. However, there are some challenging requirements that need to be fulfilled by the wireless link, especially for intra-vascular ultra-sound (IVUS) systems, since the images acquired by the catheter should be transmitted with very high data rate and low latency, together with the highest possible amplification efficiency, to increase the battery life. The communication requirements can be achieved with latest Wi-Fi standard IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6). However, since Wi-Fi is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms, the transmitted signals present high envelope fluctuations, leading to amplification difficulties and low energy efficiency. In this paper, we present an innovative amplification scheme named quantized digital amplification (QDA). It is shown that the QDA allows a quasi-linear amplification of IEEE 802.11ax signals while maintaining a very high energy efficiency. To demonstrate this, we present a QDA prototype and a set of performance results regarding both the linearity of the transmitted signals and the energy efficiency.

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“…In this regard, modern medicine employs smart catheters for evaluation and deployment of medical tools inside the human circulatory system [2]. Past generations of catheters traditionally relied on thick cables with insufficient electrical compliance, reducing its mobility and effectiveness [3]. In addition, very thin wires, sometimes longer than a couple of meters, are used both for supply and communications, imposing signal bandwidth limitations, attenuated signals and increased signal noise and crosstalk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An On-Chip Clock Generation Circuit for Smart Catheters

Brito

Silva

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

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Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of death worldwide, which drives the research on smart catheters for early diagnosis. Deploying ASICs at the tip of the catheter is challenging, as power is delivered through a long and thin wire, limiting the power integrity. Also, since the catheter needs to fit into the diameter of a blood vessel or other narrow channel in the human body, there is no room for bulky decoupling capacitors. Finally, power consumption must be optimized, as the energy density may lead to prohibitive heating of tissues and fluids. Still, while targeting better performance, e.g. higher imaging resolution, the requirements for bandwidth and accuracy consistently increase, ultimately demanding precise on-chip clock generation for communication and digitization. In this paper we propose a circuit for at-the-tip clock generation in smart catheters, comprising a low-drop out (LDO) regulator, voltage and current references and a low-jitter digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). The clock generator also comprises a clock divider with programmable duty cycle, allowing system reconfiguration. The circuit is laid out and simulated under application conditions. The LDO achieves a full-spectrum power supply ripple rejection (PSRR) of 50 dB with an output load of 10 mA. The DCO, supplied by the aforementioned LDO, achieves a phase noise of -104.5 dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz and 1.25 GHz of oscillating frequency. The proposed clock generator allows digitization at 200 MSps with a maximum SNR of 56.3 dB for an input signal of 50 MHz if phase noise is integrated from 100 kHz to 625 MHz.

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Optical data link assembly for 360 µm diameter IVUS on guidewire imaging devices

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

25.8 Gb/s Submillimeter Optical Data Link Module for Smart Catheters

25.8 Gb/s Submillimeter Optical Data Link Module for Smart Catheters

A Novel Highly-Efficient Amplification Scheme for Wireless Communications in a CathLab Environment

An On-Chip Clock Generation Circuit for Smart Catheters

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