Optical Damage Thresholds of Microstructures Made by Laser 3D Nanolithography

Butkutė, Agnė; Čekanavičius, Laurynas; Rimšelis, Gabrielius; Gailevičius, Darius; Mizeikis, Vygantas; Melninkaitis, Andrius; Baldacchini, Tommaso; Jonušauskas, Linas; Malinauskas, Mangirdas

doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0052.v1

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thin films, bulky 3D micro-structures, and 3D nano-lattices can have significantly different optical damage thresholds for the same material due to their dramatically different surface, geometry, and surface-to-volume ratios. Studies have compared the various materials that can be structuralized as films by MPL, [199] as well as the influence of the presence of photoinitiators, [200] observation of micro-lens damage, [201] measurement of bulky 3D micro-structures and 3D lattice nano-structures, [202] and approval of novel high resilience material. [203] However, this is still an evolving research trajectory driven by the demand for calibrated and tested micro-optical devices.…”

Section: Optical Resiliency-laser-induced Damage Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the implementation of active and tunable materials in micro-optical elements has been proposed for novel optical applications. Reported values of the previous properties discussed are presented in Table 2 Refractive index 1.463-1.62 [183] Transparency 90% [200] -99 % [190] for vis-NIR Damage threshold Thin films, ≈ 1-10 J cm −2 for fs and ns pulses [200,203] Woodpiles, ≈ 0.1 J cm −2 [202] Active optical materials Organic-Disperse Red, [204] R6G, [184] Fluorescein, DCM, Coumarin 152 Inorganic-Eu, [187] Er, Yb, Tm, [24] Nd [195] Tunable materials Protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) for up to ≈40% length change [205] Mechanical properties 0.44 MPa [206] to 4.9 GPa [207]…”

Section: Optical Resiliency-laser-induced Damage Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Micro‐Optics 3D Printed via Multi‐Photon Laser Lithography

Gonzalez‐Hernandez

Varapnickas

Bertoncini

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

3D printed objects was first presented by Maruo in a technology-opening article in 1997, [2] where the use of this technology to fabricate micro-optics was also envisaged. The serial writing method of this technique offered flexibility for freeform fabrication, but was limited by its throughput. [3] It took some years for the technology to mature from proof-of-principle level to additive manufacturing as a tool for efficient and reliable fabrication in the modern lab. [4][5][6] Though the first micro-optical elements were demonstrated as early as 2006, [7] the major efforts and results only started to emerge in 2010, [8,9] together with the development of hybrid organic-inorganic materials, [10,11] and rapidly accelerated with the implementation of commercial 3D lithography systems. [12][13][14] By 2020, ultrafast laser 3D printing, also known as two-photon polymerization (TPP or 2PP), multiphoton lithography (MPL), [15][16][17] or simply laser direct writing (LDW), also in literature referenced as direct laser writing (DLW), [18] ) was already an established technique for routine fabrication of diverse micro-optical single elements, stacked components, and integrated devices. [19][20][21] The latest advances in the 3D printing of free-form micro-optics are enhanced by optical grade materials of high refractive index (n) polymers, [22] high-performance hybrids, [23] and optically active [24] or pure inorganic glasses. [25] Figure 1 shows the development of the technique in terms of published papers and citations, defining an "innovator stage" of the technology followed from 2015 by the "early adopters stage." Examples of micro-optical elements fabricated using MPL and the growth in the complexity of the structures that can be achieved by this technique are also shown in Figure 1.The advances in this scientific field attracted the attention of the related laser-assisted precision additive manufacturing industry. First, in 2007 Nanoscribe GmbH and in 2008 Workshop of Photonics established companies oriented toward commercialization of this technology aimed at general wide angle application fields. While in 2013, Multiphoton Optics GmbH and Femtika UAB were established and made micro-optics a significant part of their targeted applications. Finally, in 2017, Vanguard Photonics GmbH manufactured dedicated MPL equipment for micro-lenses and wire bond production. Other companies targeting more diverse applications have continued to emerge, such as UpNano established in 2018, and focusing mostly on biomedical applications yet also offering solutionsThe field of 3D micro-optics is rapidly expanding, and essential advances in femtosecond laser direct-write 3D multi-photon lithography (MPL, also known as two-photon or multi-photon polymerization) are being made. Micro-optics realized via MPL emerged a decade ago and the field has exploded during the last five years. Impressive findings have revealed its potential for beam shaping, advanced imaging, optical sensing, integrated photonic circuits, and much more. This is suppo...

show abstract