Optical communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: a VHDL-implementation of a Physical Layer 802.15.4 compatible

“…The very high capacity of optical wave technology has recently stimulated several attempts at research on underwater optical communications, of which the latest include [9][10][11][12]. However, optical waves only deliver good performance in very clear water and require tight alignment of nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluation of RF electromagnetic communication in underwater sensor networks

Che¹,

Wells²,

Dickers³

et al. 2010

IEEE Commun. Mag.

330

181

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“…They concluded that RF communication offer higher performance than acoustic communication in certain ranges. Anguita et al dismissed the RF method for underwater communication because it is strongly attenuated, taking as invalid the 2.4GHz frequency [8].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks using WLAN at 2.4 GHz

Sendra¹,

Lamparero²,

Lloret³

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems

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In order to have long distance underwater wireless communications, low frequencies must be used. But the main problem when using low frequencies is the lack of bandwidth to transmit high data rate. Sometimes wireless sensors must be placed quite close for taking more accurate measurements from the water, so higher frequency bands could be used in special cases. In this paper we measure the maximum coverage distance of underwater wireless sensors when they are placed at about 15 cm underneath the water surface, without having wireless coverage from the air side. Then, we measured the number of lost packets and round trip time for 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps at different frequencies for different distances.

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“…Of these, ultra-sonic has proven to be a reliable, long range form of underwater communication, although its robustness in deep sea communication doesn't lend itself to large scale, low power wireless sensor networks. Heidemann et al (2006) (Anguita et al 2009, Meihong et al 2009, Heidemann et al 2006 (Tiusanen 2005(Tiusanen , 2006(Tiusanen , 2007(Tiusanen , 2009 In the study of soil moisture, there are several advantages to completely wireless nodes (Niemeier et al 2008), as opposed to wired sensor stations (Niemeier et al 2006 There is an interest in underground RF sensor networks for applications in the mining industry. Most of these applications are either for long range at frequencies of a few hertz (Stolarczyk et al 1991) or for dense networks that transmit through air links in the tunnels (Wang et al 2009).…”

Section: Existing Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio in hydroscience

Niemeier¹

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One can use unlicensed and often very inexpensive radios for unconventional communication (underwater-and underground) links. However, one can go further, and use these radios as sensors rather than communication links. Such communication links and sensors can have important application in hydroscience. While the attenuation of RF signals is high in these mediums, by using the wireless sensor network (WSN) paradigm of multi-hop and retransmission, reliable networks can be formed underwater and underground. One no longer needs to think of RF modules as only a source of data transmission. This revelation lends itself to thinking of these modules as inexpensive RF wave generators at prescribed unlicensed frequencies. Analyzing the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a link over time, one can infer changes in the medium from the changes in RSSI. In this thesis, I develop a simple mathematical model to relate changes in RSSI to changes in the medium. Additionally, five experimentally validated examples demonstrate the possibility of non-traditional uses for RF modules. Demonstrated sensor possibilities include soil moisture estimation, leaf wetness measurement, and vegetation water content estimation. This thesis served to validate the use of inexpensive unlicensed RF modules as more than just communication links through air, but as links in unconventional media, and more importantly as measurement instruments.

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Optical communication for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: a VHDL-implementation of a Physical Layer 802.15.4 compatible

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Re-evaluation of RF electromagnetic communication in underwater sensor networks

Re-evaluation of RF electromagnetic communication in underwater sensor networks

Underwater Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks using WLAN at 2.4 GHz

Radio in hydroscience

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