“…Topcon or Heidelberg). Furthermore, if the OCTA signal resolution were improved by one mean or another, as requested in the references [6,7,[11][12][13][14][15], the results of the CMIP method would be expected to become even more apparent. This is future research that would emphasize the robustness of the method.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…axial cross-sections) of the main four macula regions: the foveola, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea [6], yielding an ophthalmic 3D view of the macula. The OCT B-scan enables the physicians to examine the macula's structural layers, Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM), Nerve Fiber Layer (NFL), Ganglion cell (GC), Inner Plexiform layer (IPL), Inner Nuclear (IN), Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL), Outer Nuclear (ON), External Limiting Membrane (ELM), Myoid Zone, Ellipsoid zone, Interdigitation Zone, and the Brush Complex (BC) [6,7]. In contrast, the OCTA B-scan enables ophthalmologists to examine the macula's vasculature [11][12][13][14].…”
Section: A the Oct And Octa Ophthalmic Viewsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In eye imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging technique dedicated to examining the healthiness of the human eye. The OCT device utilizes LASER radiations to obtain images of the eye's anatomical parts, such as the macula or the optic nerve head [6,7]. The macula comprises the fovea region and three main sectional layers, the retina, choroid, and sclera.…”
A Computerized Medical Image Processing (CMIP) method is proposed to address the current challenges of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA): (1) the need for observing the macula vasculature concerning natural curvature of the macula region; (2) the need for generating OCTA frames at successive small depths in all macula layers; and (3) the need for enhancing the visibility of blood vessels, particularly below the outer retina region. The proposed CMIP method involves image preprocessing, reconstruction, and enhancement stages. Twenty subjects were obtained from the OCTA500 dataset, which was obtained from the OptoVue OCTA machine. The 20 subjects comprise the two OCTA fields of view (FOV), right and left eyes (OD and OS), and five common macula disorders. The sequential enface OCTA images at 5µm macula depths were displayed. The presentation of the macula vasculature was enhanced at all depths. The resulting new ophthalmic views enable: (1) avoiding the superimposition of macula vasculature into a projection map; (2) enhancing the OCTA presentation of blood vessels; and (3) inspecting the macula's 3D oval-shaped. The proposed CMIP method can generate sectional macula coronal views (MCV) for every 5µm depth, clarifying the macula's curvature in a way that has not been presented in OCTA machines. Therefore, "tracking" the 3D propagation of the blood vessel network at all macula depths becomes possible. Furthermore, the blood vessels' display at all macula depths, including the deep choroid layers, is enhanced. The method yields futuristic ophthalmic advantages that would allow the physician to precisely inspect the 3D localization and diffusion of the macula disorders. The method is invariant to the OCTA's FOVs, macula disorder, and OD or OS eye.
“…Topcon or Heidelberg). Furthermore, if the OCTA signal resolution were improved by one mean or another, as requested in the references [6,7,[11][12][13][14][15], the results of the CMIP method would be expected to become even more apparent. This is future research that would emphasize the robustness of the method.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…axial cross-sections) of the main four macula regions: the foveola, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea [6], yielding an ophthalmic 3D view of the macula. The OCT B-scan enables the physicians to examine the macula's structural layers, Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM), Nerve Fiber Layer (NFL), Ganglion cell (GC), Inner Plexiform layer (IPL), Inner Nuclear (IN), Outer Plexiform Layer (OPL), Outer Nuclear (ON), External Limiting Membrane (ELM), Myoid Zone, Ellipsoid zone, Interdigitation Zone, and the Brush Complex (BC) [6,7]. In contrast, the OCTA B-scan enables ophthalmologists to examine the macula's vasculature [11][12][13][14].…”
Section: A the Oct And Octa Ophthalmic Viewsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In eye imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical imaging technique dedicated to examining the healthiness of the human eye. The OCT device utilizes LASER radiations to obtain images of the eye's anatomical parts, such as the macula or the optic nerve head [6,7]. The macula comprises the fovea region and three main sectional layers, the retina, choroid, and sclera.…”
A Computerized Medical Image Processing (CMIP) method is proposed to address the current challenges of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA): (1) the need for observing the macula vasculature concerning natural curvature of the macula region; (2) the need for generating OCTA frames at successive small depths in all macula layers; and (3) the need for enhancing the visibility of blood vessels, particularly below the outer retina region. The proposed CMIP method involves image preprocessing, reconstruction, and enhancement stages. Twenty subjects were obtained from the OCTA500 dataset, which was obtained from the OptoVue OCTA machine. The 20 subjects comprise the two OCTA fields of view (FOV), right and left eyes (OD and OS), and five common macula disorders. The sequential enface OCTA images at 5µm macula depths were displayed. The presentation of the macula vasculature was enhanced at all depths. The resulting new ophthalmic views enable: (1) avoiding the superimposition of macula vasculature into a projection map; (2) enhancing the OCTA presentation of blood vessels; and (3) inspecting the macula's 3D oval-shaped. The proposed CMIP method can generate sectional macula coronal views (MCV) for every 5µm depth, clarifying the macula's curvature in a way that has not been presented in OCTA machines. Therefore, "tracking" the 3D propagation of the blood vessel network at all macula depths becomes possible. Furthermore, the blood vessels' display at all macula depths, including the deep choroid layers, is enhanced. The method yields futuristic ophthalmic advantages that would allow the physician to precisely inspect the 3D localization and diffusion of the macula disorders. The method is invariant to the OCTA's FOVs, macula disorder, and OD or OS eye.
“…30 Using Canadian data, we report that visual impairment prevalence decreased among people with and without diabetes from 1994 to 2014, irrespective of their level of education and income. The decreased visual impairment prevalence likely reflects the collective efforts by clinicians, researchers, the public and government to prevent vision loss, including better understanding of diabetic eye diseases, [31][32][33] better bloodglucose control, [34][35][36][37][38] recent effective treatment for advanced diabetic retinopathy and technology (e.g., optical coherence tomography) for early detection of diabetic retinal pathologies, [39][40][41][42][43][44] government coverage for new advancements and various initiatives for increased diabetic eye screening. [45][46][47] Our results are also in accordance with studies that reported a significantly higher visual impairment prevalence among people with diabetes than those without.…”
V isual impairment substantially affects individuals' independence and quality of life, and risk of acci dents, injuries, falls and depression. [1][2][3][4] Diabetes is a leading cause of visual impairment resulting from diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. 5 In Canada, the incidence of diabetes fluctuated and the prevalence of dia betes increased 37.3% between 2003/04 and 2013/14. 6 In 2016/17, the number of people in Canada living with dia betes was 3.2 million, which increased to 5.7 million in 2022. 7,8 Contributing factors to this increase include people in Canada with diabetes now living longer and the growth and aging of the Canadian population. 6 Given the fastrising prevalence of diabetes, it is important to know whether the prevalence of visual impairment has also increased so that strategies and policies for prevention and management of visual impairment can be developed. We sought to assess time trends in visual impairment prevalence among people in Canada with and without diabetes from 1994/95 to 2013/14 and to determine whether the trends were similar among people in Canada with different levels of education and income.
MethodsThis study was set in 10 Canadian provinces (Alberta,
“…Optical phase modulation is highly applied in industrial manufacturing and scientific research. In the optical coherence tomography imaging system, − to obtain the tomographic image of the measured object, the optical path of one arm in the interferometer needs to be adjusted to realize interference patterns. The phase-shifting interferometry technology, , as a new imaging and measurement technology, and different phase shifts on the interferometric reference arm are required to generate interference patterns with corresponding different phase shifts on the recording plane.…”
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