Optical Coherence Tomography in Children With Microtropia

García-García, Manuel Ángel; Belda, José I; Schargel, Konrad; Santos, Maria José Albuquerque; Ruiz-Colechá, Jose; Rey, C. R.; García-García, Pablo; Mompean, Blas

doi:10.3928/01913913-20171026-01

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our results on the strabismic or combined amblyopia were 496 ± 476 μm, which was higher than previous reports on microtropia associated with amblyopia (387 ± 199 μm). 10 This result was expected owing to the average larger angles of misalignment in our strabismic subgroup patients. We also found the fellow eyes of these patients have slightly higher OCT fixation shift than the control eyes, which confirms that fellow eyes have deficient fixation stability as well.…”

Section: Oct Fixation Shift Versus Amblyopia Subtypessupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Moreover, OCTmeasured eccentric fixation is more accurate than that conventionally measured with ophthalmoscopy for two major reasons: (1) The dim and almost invisible illumination of OCT enables the patient to maintain fixation more comfortably than bright visible light in visuscope or ophthalmoscopy, and (2) with the aid of OCT threedimensional scans, we are able to identify the fovea more accurately than estimating it by reflection with conventional ophthalmoscopy. In fact, Nakamoto et al 9 failed to register eccentric fixation with ophthalmoscopy in three patients (21%), although they could measure all patients with OCT. Garcia-Garcia et al 10 were not able to report eccentric fixation with visuscope for five patients (33%). We believe that OCT may provide a new objective tool to estimate eccentric fixation with more accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…15,16 Fixation shift is more frequent nasally, including supranasally and infranasally, than other directions in the amblyopic eye, correlating with most of our strabismic patients being esotropic. Garcia-Garcia et al 10 report OCT fixation shift in 15 patients with microtropia, and found that 57% fixation shifts are superior nasal.…”

Section: Oct Fixation Shift Versus Amblyopia Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this study has no age-matched control group and a small sample size without distinction of the types of amblyopia, they reported good repeatability of the OCT findings. 9 Also in 2018, Garcia-Garcia et al 10 report measurement of eccentric fixation with OCT in 15 children with microtropia (most had amblyopia from 0.05 to 0.70 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) and compared them with 10 children without microtropia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using OCT Fixation Shift to Assess Eccentric Fixation in Children With Residual Amblyopia

Jin

Apple

Friess

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Eccentric fixation in amblyopia is often estimated grossly without precision. Although the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) fixation shift in the quantification of eccentric fixation in a small cohort of amblyopic children was recently reported, there is a lack of understanding of characteristics of OCT fixation shift. In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated eccentric fixation with OCT in a large cohort of children with residual amblyopia. Methods: Children, age 4 to 17 years, with residual amblyopia (amblyopic, n = 56) and without amblyopia (control, n = 75) were enrolled. Amblyopia was associated with anisometropia alone (anisometropia subtype, n = 28) and strabismus without or with anisometropia (strabismic subtype, n = 28). Spectral domain OCT was used to estimate fixation. The OCT fixation shift, defined as the distance between the fovea and the fixation point, was measured and adjusted with calculated axial length and converted into visual degrees. Fixation shift in amblyopic eyes, fellow nonamblyopic eyes, and right eyes of the control group were compared. Fixation shift between the anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia subtypes was also compared. Its correlation with visual acuity was estimated. Results: The mean fixation shift was significantly different: 0.17°± 0.29°for control right eyes, 0.94°± 1.24°for amblyopic eyes, and 0.34°± 0.57°for fellow eyes (χ 2 = 23.3; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between fellow eyes and control eyes (P = 0.11). Fixation shift in amblyopic eyes was significantly correlated with visual acuity (R = 0.44; P < 0.001), and it was significantly smaller in the anisometropic subtype than in the strabismic subtypes (0.34°± 0.46°vs. 1.54°± 1.48°, W = 338, P < 0.001). Conclusions: OCT fixation shift can be used both in detection and quantification of eccentric fixation in children with residual amblyopia, especially in those with strabismus. Translational Relevance: OCT fixation shift offers a convenient clinical approach in quantitative evaluation of eccentric fixation in children with strabismic amblyopia.

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Section: Oct Fixation Shift Versus Amblyopia Subtypessupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Oct Fixation Shift Versus Amblyopia Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Using OCT Fixation Shift to Assess Eccentric Fixation in Children With Residual Amblyopia

Jin

Apple

Friess

et al. 2020

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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“…OCTA is a relatively new non-invasive imaging technique that uses dynamic and static tissue contrast imaging to obtain high-resolution information and generate blood ow to angiographic images. OCTA not only can quantify blood ow VLD, PD, and FAZ areas and more parameters [4][5][6] but also can be used to quantify the eccentric distance based on OCT technology [7][8][9][10], and xation conditions can be observed by the FastTrac tracking function. In fact, this kind of patient xation condition is very poor, accounting for 29%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optical coherence tomography angiography manifestation of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation

Ren¹,

Cheng²,

Qin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundTo explore the application value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation.MethodsThe following data were collected from patients with strabismus amblyopia accompanied by eccentric fixation: best corrected visual acuity (BCVA); spherical equivalent (SE) and deviation angle; eccentric fixation distance using OCTA system software tools, with µm as the unit of measurement of the distance between the retinal fixed point and the macular fovea; macular fovea vessel length density (VLD); perfusion density (PD); foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area; and perimeter and circularity of the superficial retinal vascular plexus. The entry criteria were as follows: OCTA scanning quality and signal strength of 8 or above (range 0 to 10).ResultsData from a total of 34 patients were collected: 17 patients with strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation were included in the experimental group, and 17 patients without strabismus with central fixation were included in the control group. The average deviation angle of the experimental group was 26.71 ± 25.88 prism dioptres (PD), the amblyopic eye BCVA was 0.24 ± 0.22, the SE was 4.35 ± 2.98 D, the stereoscopic median was 800", the eccentric fixation distance was 632.18 ± 310.62 µm, the macular fovea retinal thickness was 207.82 ± 17.79 µm, the VLD of the superficial retinal vascular plexus was 7.31 ± 3.84 mm− 1, the PD was 0.16 ± 0.08, the FAZ area was 0.28 ± 0.17 mm2, the FAZ perimeter was 2.05 ± 0.56 mm, and the FAZ circularity was 0.67 ± 0.06. These results showed statistically significant differences in the SE and BCVA compared with the lateral eye and the control group, but there were no statistically significant differences in the macular fovea retinal thickness, VLD, PD, or FAZ. The eccentric fixation of amblyopic eyes was directly related to the deviation angle, and the regression formula was as follows: the eccentric fixation distance of amblyopic eyes = 8.319 × the deviation angle + 410.002 (F = 13.878, P = 0.002 < 0.01).ConclusionThe eccentric fixation distance of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation is related to the deviation angle; the greater the deviation angle is, the greater the distance of eccentric fixation.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900022830. Registered 27 April 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/

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2022

Pickwell's Binocular Vision Anomalies

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Optical Coherence Tomography in Children With Microtropia

Abstract: OCT can play an important role in the diagnosis and measurement of eccentric fixation in eyes with microtropia, providing high sensitivity. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(3):171-177.].

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Using OCT Fixation Shift to Assess Eccentric Fixation in Children With Residual Amblyopia

Using OCT Fixation Shift to Assess Eccentric Fixation in Children With Residual Amblyopia

The optical coherence tomography angiography manifestation of strabismus amblyopia with eccentric fixation

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