Optical coherence tomography: A guide to interpretation of common macular diseases

Bhende, Muna; Shetty, Sharan; Parthasarathy, Mohana Kuppuswamy; Ramya, S. M.

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_902_17

Cited by 105 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…These diseases are usually degenerative diseases that cause neuronal loss and, thus, produce the thickness of the total macula and cause different macular layers to thin [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. However, some other diseases also produce increased thickness of macular layers [ 6 ]. The early detection of these changes in thickness of different macular layers enables the early diagnosis and treatment of pathologies that frequently cause blindness, such as glaucoma [ 7 ] or choroidal neovascularization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Database for All Retinal Layer Thicknesses Using SD-OCT Posterior Pole Algorithm and the Effects of Age, Gender and Axial Lenght

Palazón-Cabanes

Rubio-Velázquez

et al. 2020

JCM

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Our aim was to provide, for the first time, reference thickness values for the SD-OCT posterior pole algorithm (PPA) available for Spectralis OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and to analyze the correlations with age, gender and axial length. We recruited 300 eyes of 300 healthy Caucasian subjects between 18 and 84 years. By PPA, composed of 64 (8 × 8) cells, we analyzed the thickness of the following macular layers: retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inner retina, outer retina and full retina. Mean ± SD, 1st, 5th, 95th percentiles were obtained for each cell at all macular layers. Significant negative correlations were found between age and thickness for most macular layers. The mean thickness of most macular layers was thicker for men than women, except for RNFL, OPL and RPE, with no gender differences. GCL, IPL and INL thicknesses positively correlated with axial length in central cells, and negatively in the cells near the optic disk. The mean RNFL thickness was positively associated with axial length. This is the first normative database for PPA. Age, gender and axial length should be taken into account when interpreting PPA results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Database for All Retinal Layer Thicknesses Using SD-OCT Posterior Pole Algorithm and the Effects of Age, Gender and Axial Lenght

Palazón-Cabanes

Rubio-Velázquez

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…VKH is one of the most common causes of misdiagnosis of CSC. OCT features such as subretinal septa, multiple pockets of subretinal fluid, and RPE undulations are more suggestive of VKH [23]. A disruption or absence of both the ellipsoid zone and the external limiting membrane can be seen in patients with ASPPC [24, 25], while in tubercular posterior uveitis, OCT reveals an attachment between the RPE-choriocapillaris and the neurosensory retina over the granuloma (“contact” sign) [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Imaging in Fibrinous Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Compared with Exudative Maculopathy

Lyu

Gong

2020

Ophthalmologica

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Aims: To analyze ocular fundus characteristics of patients finally diagnosed with fibrinous central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using multimodal imaging and compare the characteristics with images of other confusable exudative maculopathies. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records from 189 patients with CSC and found records on 16 patients with fibrinous CSC. Some of these 16 patients were misdiagnosed with another exudative maculopathy and were treated inappropriately. Multimodal imaging comprised fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and OCT angiography (OCTA), and the results were compared with those of other exudative maculopathy patients from this study. Results: Twenty-one eyes of 16 patients with a mean age of

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“…Retinal tissue can be analyzed using histological techniques on postmortem tissues or using the OCT technique mentioned above. This technique is an optical analog of ultrasonic imaging using low-coherence interferometry to produce cross-sectional images of the retina and allows in vivo observation of retinal tissue alterations (Bhende et al, 2018).…”

Section: Retinal Abnormalities In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Neurodegenerative Motor Neuron Disease With Ocular Involvement

et al. 2020

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes degeneration of the lower and upper motor neurons and is the most prevalent motor neuron disease. This disease is characterized by muscle weakness, stiffness, and hyperreflexia. Patients survive for a short period from the onset of the disease. Most cases are sporadic, with only 10% of the cases being genetic. Many genes are now known to be involved in familial ALS cases, including some of the sporadic cases. It has also been observed that, in addition to genetic factors, there are numerous molecular mechanisms involved in these pathologies, such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial disorders, alterations in axonal transport, oxidative stress, accumulation of misfolded proteins, and neuroinflammation. This pathology affects the motor neurons, the spinal cord, the cerebellum, and the brain, but recently, it has been shown that it also affects the visual system. This impact occurs not only at the level of the oculomotor system but also at the retinal level, which is why the retina is being proposed as a possible biomarker of this pathology. The current review discusses the main aspects mentioned above related to ALS, such as the main genes involved, the most important molecular mechanisms that affect this pathology, its ocular involvement, and the possible usefulness of the retina as a biomarker.

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Optical coherence tomography: A guide to interpretation of common macular diseases

Cited by 105 publications

References 109 publications

Normative Database for All Retinal Layer Thicknesses Using SD-OCT Posterior Pole Algorithm and the Effects of Age, Gender and Axial Lenght

Normative Database for All Retinal Layer Thicknesses Using SD-OCT Posterior Pole Algorithm and the Effects of Age, Gender and Axial Lenght

Multimodal Imaging in Fibrinous Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Compared with Exudative Maculopathy

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Neurodegenerative Motor Neuron Disease With Ocular Involvement

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