Optical clearing of the eye sclera<i>in vivo</i>caused by glucose

Genina, Elina A.; Bashkatov, Alexey N.; Sinichkin, Yu. P.; Тучин, В. В.

doi:10.1070/qe2006v036n12abeh013337

Cited by 41 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…glycerol, sugars, or sugar alcohols) is added to the tissue to increase its transparency. Such diverse tissues as skin, 15–18 blood, 19, 20 dura mater, 21 gastric tissue, 22 sclera, 23, 24 bone, 25 and muscle 26 have been studied by this process, where the optical imaging modalities have included brightfield microscopy, tissue spectroscopy, OCT, and SHG microscopy. In many cases the penetration depth was increased by several fold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of polarization signatures in SHG microscopy of scattering tissues through optical clearing

Nadiarnykh¹,

Campagnola²

2009

Opt. Express

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Polarization responses in Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy are a valuable method to quantify aspects of tissue structure, and may be a means to differentiate normal and diseased tissues. Due to multiple scattering, the polarization data is lost in turbid tissues. Here we investigate if this information can be retained through the use of optical clearing which greatly reduces the scattering coefficient and increases the corresponding mean free path. To this end, we have measured the SHG intensity as a function of laser polarization and the SHG signal anisotropy in murine tendon and striated muscle over a depth range of 200 microns. We find that the laser polarization is highly randomized in the uncleared tissues at depths corresponding to only 2–3 scattering collisions (50-10 microns). This depolarization of the laser is also reflected in the randomized anisotropy of the SHG signal as it is created over a range of polarization states. In strong contrast, both polarization signatures are significantly retained through ~200 microns of tissue thickness following treatment with 50% glycerol. Moreover, the measured polarization responses for both tendon and striated muscle are consistent with the extent of reduction of the respective scattering coefficients upon clearing. We suggest the method will be applicable to SHG imaging of connective disorders as well as cancer through several hundred microns of extracellular matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of polarization signatures in SHG microscopy of scattering tissues through optical clearing

Nadiarnykh¹,

Campagnola²

2009

Opt. Express

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“…Glycerol, glucose, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and their combinations are frequently used as OCAs. 3 OCAs have been successfully employed in many optical techniques to improve image and spectroscopy quality at greater depths in tissue. 4,5 Although numerous studies have revealed that application of OCA to highly scattering biological tissue could cause optical clearing effect, the understanding of clearing mechanisms is still relatively poor, 6,7 especially diffusion in multilayered biological tissue, such as skin.…”

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confidence: 99%

Discrimination of dimethyl sulphoxide diffusion coefficient in the process of optical clearing by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy

et al. 2013

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“…It is known that for in vivo application of the designed optical immersion technology additional factors such as metabolic reaction of living tissue on clearing agent application, the specificity of tissue functioning, and its physiological temperature can significantly change the kinetic characteristics and magnitude of the clearing effect [8,49,55,60,68]. Figure 7.6 presents the in vivo reflectance spectra of rabbit eye sclera and human skin measured at 700 nm at different time intervals after administration of a 40%glucose solution [60,68].…”

Section: Optical Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods are based on fluorescence measurements (including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy [94]), spectroscopic [95], Raman [96], and photoacoustic techniques [97], the usage of radioactive labels for detecting matter flux [71,73,74], or on the measurements of temporal changes of the scattering properties of a tissue caused by time-dependent refractive index matching [46,52,98], including interferometric techniques [99] and optical coherence tomography (OCT) [100,101]. The measurement of the temporal changes of scattering properties of a tissue has been proposed recently for OCA diffusion and permeability coefficients estimation [52,60,68,98,100,101]. These techniques are very appropriate for measuring protein diffusivity in tissues, and since the proteins are widely used for glucose detection the techniques are then important for development of new methods, and for increasing the accuracy of existing ones, of glucose detection and monitoring.…”

Section: Diffusion Coefficient Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%