“…2, a single strong diffraction peak at 20°(2θ scale) can be found obviously, indicating the existence of the Cu phase, which can be further confirmed by another weaker peak at 25°. Besides, four other weak diffractions at approximately 35, 39, 51 and 60°can also be detected, which just corresponded to the diffraction peaks from the −111, 111, −202, to −113 planes of CuO [30,31]. Therefore, the XRD of the deposited nanoparticles indicated that Cu and CuO nanoparticles were present on the surface of the modified electrode.…”