Optical and electrical properties of black gold layers in the far infrared

Becker, Wolfgang; Fettig, Rainer K.; Ruppel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/s1350-4495(99)00032-8

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The determined RGB-I and Lab-L mean values of the films prepared at 200 Pa were 40 and 18. They decreased to 15 and 5 for the films deposited at 300 Pa. A similar trend in the pressure dependence of black gold layer absorbtivity was also observed by Becker et al [3], where the layers fabricated at pressures lower than 300 Pa exhibited a structure similar to a cauliflower, while the layers produced at higher pressures had a wadlike structure. The morphology of the deposited black gold films analyzed by SEM and AFM is depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

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Pulsed laser treatment of gold and black gold thin films fabricated by thermal evaporation

et al. 2009

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Abstract:The effect of pulsed laser treatment of metal, and metal blacks, was studied. Gold and black gold thin films were fabricated by thermal evaporation of gold in a vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere respectively. Black gold films were grown in a nitrogen atmosphere at pressures of 200 Pa and 300 Pa. UV pulsed laser radiation (λ = 266 nm, τ = 4 ns), with fluence ranging from 1 mJ·cm −2 to 250 mJ·cm −2 was used for the film treatment in a vacuum and nitrogen atmosphere. The nitrogen pressure was varied up to 100 kPa. Surface structure modifications were analyzed by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used for chemical characterization of the samples. A significant dependence of the film optical and structural properties on laser treatment conditions (laser fluence, ambient pressure and number of applied pulses) was found. The threshold for observable damage and initiation of changes of morphology for gold and black gold surfaces was determined. Distinct modifications were observed for fluences greater than 106 mJ·cm −2 and 3.5 mJ·cm −2 for the gold and black gold films respectively. Absorbtivity of the black gold film is found to decrease with an increase in the number of laser pulses. Microstructural and nanostructural modifications after laser treatment of the black gold film were observed. EDX analysis revealed that no impurities were introduced into the samples during both the deposition and laser treatment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Due to their porous structure they possess a small heat capacity and high absorbtivity in the visible to infrared spectral region. Black metals, in particular black gold, are therefore highly suitable as absorbers in the infrared range [3]. However, only a few applications of black gold (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed laser treatment of gold and black gold thin films fabricated by thermal evaporation

et al. 2009

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“…Similarly, arrays of geometric tapers and wedges have been employed to reduce the physical envelope required for calibration targets and loads. [5][6][7] Gold black, 8,9 silicon black, 10 and carbon nanotubes [11][12][13] provide examples of low-dielectric-contrast media exhibiting high-absorptance bandwidths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A broadband micro-machined far-infrared absorber

Wollack

Datesman

Jhabvala

et al. 2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The experimental investigation of a broadband far-infrared meta-material absorber is described. The observed absorptance is > 0.95 from 1 − 20 THz (300 − 15 µm) over a temperature range spanning 5 − 300 K. The meta-material, realized from an array of tapers ≈ 100 µm in length, is largely insensitive to the detailed geometry of these elements and is cryogenically compatible with silicon-based micro-machined technologies. The electromagnetic response is in general agreement with a physically motivated transmission line model.

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“…Investigation of gold-black films containing small percentages of copper [10] revealed that loading samples in the chamber in a high humidity environment lead to a decrease in absorbance. Becker, Fettig, and Ruppel [11] studied the electrical conductivity of gold-black films extensively in order to correlate the electrical properties with the optical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphology depends on the pressure of the inert gas in the evaporation chamber, the deposition rate, and the temperature of the substrate [5]. A correlation between the absorptivity of gold black and the resistivity of the thin films has been exploited [11] to verify the expected properties of as-grown films. Here the possibility of a correlation between absorption and the particle size distribution is investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Polymer Infusion and Characteristic Length Scale on Gold-Black Long-Wave and Far-Infrared Absorbance

Cleary¹,

Peale²,

Ishigami³

et al. 2011

JMSE-A

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Infrared absorbance is investigated in gold-black, a porous nano-structured conducting film. A two level full factorial optimization study with evaporation-chamber pressure, boat current, substrate temperature, and degree of polymer infusion (for hardening) was performed. Polymer infusion was found generally to reduce absorbance in the long wave IR but has little effect at THz wavelengths, although for samples with the highest absorbance there is a slight improvement in the absorbance figure of merit (FOM) in both wavelength regimes. The characteristic length scales of the structured films vary considerably as a function of deposition parameters, but the IR FOM is found to be weakly correlated with these distributions, which are determined by wavelet analysis of scanning electron micrographs.

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Optical and electrical properties of black gold layers in the far infrared

Cited by 38 publications

References 22 publications

Pulsed laser treatment of gold and black gold thin films fabricated by thermal evaporation

Pulsed laser treatment of gold and black gold thin films fabricated by thermal evaporation

A broadband micro-machined far-infrared absorber

Effects of Polymer Infusion and Characteristic Length Scale on Gold-Black Long-Wave and Far-Infrared Absorbance

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