Optical Absorption in Graphene-on-Silicon Nitride Microring Resonators

Wang, Jiaqi; Cheng, Zhenzhou; Shu, Chester; Tsang, Hon Ki

doi:10.1109/lpt.2015.2443051

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Also, the sharply changed transmission indicates a high modulation depth of 15 dB over a 10 V gating change, resulting in a consumption energy of 800 fJ bit –1 . Theoretically, the absorption per unit length can be further enhanced by increasing the quality factor of the ring resonator, suggesting the possibility for further improvement . Besides, phase modulation has also been performed in this kind of structure, which is characterized by the variation of the resonance wavelength …”

Section: State Of the Art Of 2d Materials Optical Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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Owing to their atomic layer thickness, strong light-material interaction, high nonlinearity, broadband optical response, fast relaxation, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high compatibility with other photonic structures, 2D materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus, have been attracting increasing attention for photonic applications. By tuning the carrier density via electrical or optical means that modifies their physical properties (e.g., Fermi level or nonlinear absorption), optical response of the 2D materials can be instantly changed, making them versatile nanostructures for optical modulation. Here, up-to-date 2D material-based optical modulation in three categories is reviewed: free-space, fiber-based, and on-chip configurations. By analysing cons and pros of different modulation approaches from material and mechanism aspects, the challenges faced by using these materials for device applications are presented. In addition, thermal effects (e.g., laser induced damage) in 2D materials, which are critical to practical applications, are also discussed. Finally, the outlook for future opportunities of these 2D materials for optical modulation is given.

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Section: State Of the Art Of 2d Materials Optical Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

et al. 2017

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“…For example, Wang et al [28] designed the structure of graphene-on-silicon nitride microring resonator by tailoring the length of graphene integrated on the microring resonator to obtain the maximum optical absorption, as shown in the schematic image of Figure 2(a). The variation in quality ( ) factor of the microring resonator as a function of the graphene length was measured experimentally, which agreed well with the theoretical calculation, as shown in Figures 2(b)-2(f).…”

Section: Graphene-covered Optical Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Waveguide-Integrated Graphene Optoelectronics

Wang

Cheng

2018

Advances in Condensed Matter Physics

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Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in the form of hexagonal lattice, has many intriguing optical and electrical properties. However, due to the atomic layer thickness, light-matter interactions in the monolayer graphene are naturally weak when the light is normally incident to the material. To overcome this challenge, waveguide-integrated graphene optoelectronic devices have been proposed and demonstrated. In such coplanar configurations, the propagating light in the waveguide can significantly interact with the graphene layer integrated on the surface of the waveguide. The combination of photonic integrated circuits and graphene also enables the development of graphene devices by using silicon photonic technology, which greatly extends the scope of graphene's application. Moreover, the waveguide-integrated graphene devices are fully CMOS-compatible, which makes it possible to achieve low-cost and high-density integration in the future. As a result, the area has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, we introduce basic principles and research advances of waveguide-integrated graphene optoelectronics.

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“…Many papers about graphene on photonic integrated circuits, especially about waveguide integrated graphene modulators and photodetectors have been published in the last few years [12][13][14]. The first graphene-based modulator was manufactured by Liu.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 130 GHz Electro-Optic Ring Modulator with Double-Layer Graphene

Liu

et al. 2017

Crystals

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Abstract:The optical absorption coefficient of graphene will change after injecting carriers. Based on this principle, a high-speed double-layer graphene electro-optic modulator with a ring resonator structure was designed in this paper. From the numerical simulations, we designed a modulator. Its optical bandwidth is larger than 130 GHz, the switching energy is 0.358 fJ per bit, and the driven voltage is less than 1.2 V. At the same time, the footprint of the proposed modulator is less than 10 microns squared, which makes the process compatible with the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductors (CMOS) process. This will provide the possibility for the on-chip integration of the photoelectric device.

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Optical Absorption in Graphene-on-Silicon Nitride Microring Resonators

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

2D Materials for Optical Modulation: Challenges and Opportunities

Progress on Waveguide-Integrated Graphene Optoelectronics

A 130 GHz Electro-Optic Ring Modulator with Double-Layer Graphene

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