A 130 GHz Electro-Optic Ring Modulator with Double-Layer Graphene

Wu, Lei; Liu, Hongxia; Li, Jiabin; Wang, Shulong; Qu, Sanyin

doi:10.3390/cryst7030065

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…where R and C stand for the resistance and capacitance of the modulator, respectively. In this Letter, the R=R g according to the [17] previous study [29]. The capacitance of the modulator can be described by the following formula:…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modulation speed can be derived from the following formula [18]:

f_{normalspeed} = \frac{1}{2 π R C}

where R and C stand for the resistance and capacitance of the modulator, respectively. In this Letter, the R = R g according to the previous study [29]. The capacitance of the modulator can be described by the following formula:

\frac{1}{C} = \frac{1}{C_{normalg}} + \frac{1}{C_{d}}

…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacitance of C g can use the following formula [29]:

C_{g} = \frac{2 e^{2} k T}{π {()(, ℏ v_{F})}^{2}} \ln [2 (1 + \cosh \frac{E_{normalF}}{k T})]

where e is an electronic charge, T is the room temperature, K is the Boltzmann constant, h is the reduced Planck constant, and E F is the Fermi level of graphene. C d can be calculated by a well‐known model of capacitance

C_{d} = \frac{E_{0} E_{r}}{d} S

where

E_{0}

is the permittivity of vacuum,

E_{r}

is the permittivity of dielectric, and S is the area of graphene.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐modulation depth modulator based on double‐layer graphene with a low bias voltage

Zhou

Xiao

et al. 2019

Micro & Nano Letters

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An efficient modulation can be obtained by graphene due to its outstanding light-matter interaction, and many kinds of modulators based on graphene have been studied during the last couple of years. However, there still exist unsolved issues in graphene-based modulators, such as how to make a balance between modulation depth and modulation bandwidth. This work proposes a reflective modulator with relatively highmodulation depth and wide working bandwidth. The proposed modulator has a simple five-layered structure of graphene-silica-graphenesilicon-metal. They use an effective method of finite element method to simulate the performance of this modulator, and obtain a modulation depth of 96% with a low bias voltage of ∼4 V. Furthermore, they calculate the modulation speed by the equivalent circuit method, and obtain the maximum modulation speed of about 25 kHz and a wide broadband of 72 kHz from theoretical analysis. Therefore, this high-performance modulator provides an effective method for terahertz communication devices.

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Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modulation speed can be derived from the following formula [18]:

f_{normalspeed} = \frac{1}{2 π R C}

\frac{1}{C} = \frac{1}{C_{normalg}} + \frac{1}{C_{d}}

…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacitance of C g can use the following formula [29]:

C_{g} = \frac{2 e^{2} k T}{π {()(, ℏ v_{F})}^{2}} \ln [2 (1 + \cosh \frac{E_{normalF}}{k T})]

C_{d} = \frac{E_{0} E_{r}}{d} S

where

E_{0}

is the permittivity of vacuum,

E_{r}

is the permittivity of dielectric, and S is the area of graphene.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High‐modulation depth modulator based on double‐layer graphene with a low bias voltage

Zhou

Xiao

et al. 2019

Micro & Nano Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, graphene's electrical conductivity can be dynamically tuned by chemical potential by applied polarisation voltage. These properties have allowed the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) photonic devices in sensing applications in the terahertz range [8–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the interesting characteristics of graphene, many studies focus on devices containing a single layer of graphene [8–10]. In a proposal to bring graphene devices closer to the classic nanodevices based on noble metals, structures with a double layer of graphene have also been proposed [11], moreover, it has been verified that in these structures plasmonic excitation by dipolar modes has become predominant [17, 18]. However, the electromagnetic description of graphene layers by numerical methods has still been a great challenge due to the need to model graphene with a very thin thickness, which has required great computational cost in the simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%