Optical 3D Deformation Measurement Utilizing Non-planar Surface for the Development of an “Intelligent Tire”

Matsuzaki, Ryosuke; Hiraoka, Naoki; Todoroki, Akira; Mizutani, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1299/jmmp.4.520

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This has the advantage that an attached sensor is not needed and debonding problems are eliminated. An optical method was developed for the concurrent monitoring of in-plane strain and out-of-plane displacement (rolling radius) (14,15) . The optical method enables noncontact measurement of strain distribution.…”

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Analysis of Applied Load Estimation Using Strain for Intelligent Tires

Matsuzaki

Hiraoka

Todoroki

et al. 2010

JMMP

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From a traffic safety point of view, there is an urgent need for intelligent tires which can optimize braking control by estimating the slip ratio and friction coefficient between road surface and tire. In previous studies, we have proposed an application of strain data for estimating a friction coefficient. However, it only investigated the condition when the vertical or frictional loads changed but the other load remained constant. Since both of the frictional and vertical loads alter the measured strain data, an independent applied load estimation method is needed. This study develops a concurrent method for estimating the frictional and vertical loads applied to the tires from the measured strain data when both loads change. The method decomposes the measured circumferential strain to the frictional and vertical strain components using their symmetrical and anti-symmetrical characteristics. FEM analysis is used for simulating tire deformation under various wheel loads and braking torques and the relationship between the strain distribution at the sensing point and the applied loads are calculated. When the estimated and true applied loads were compared, it was confirmed that the vertical and frictional loads can be estimated independently from the circumferential strain with sufficient accuracy. Using this method, one can represent the slip slope curve during driving, which enables the optimization of vehicle control and implementation of a road condition warning system. 1497in capacitance (10)(11)(12) . The sensor uses a very soft material so that it does not interfere with tire deformation and avoids debonding (11,12) . Another sensor proposed is a self-sensing method that uses the tire structure itself as the sensor (13) . This has the advantage that an attached sensor is not needed and debonding problems are eliminated. An optical method was developed for the concurrent monitoring of in-plane strain and out-of-plane displacement (rolling radius) (14,15) . The optical method enables noncontact measurement of strain distribution. The in-plane strain and out-of-plane displacement are calculated using image processing with an image of the interior surface of a tire that is taken with a single CCD camera fixed on the wheel rim. We have also developed a battery-less wireless communication system (10,16,17) . However, a practical model of strain used for improved tire safety has not yet been presented and is urgently needed.Our previous study (18) investigated the application of strain data for an optimized braking control and road condition warning system. The relationships between strain sensor outputs and tire mechanical parameters, including braking torque, effective radius and contact patch length, are calculated using finite element analysis and an estimating method for the slip ratio and frictional coefficient between road and tire surface were proposed. Here the friction coefficient µ is a key parameter indicating the braking/accelerating efficiency and defined by the normal force (wheel load), F N , div...

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confidence: 99%

Analysis of Applied Load Estimation Using Strain for Intelligent Tires

Matsuzaki

Hiraoka

Todoroki

et al. 2010

JMMP

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“…タイヤと路面間の摩擦係数などを測定することを提案している (Yilmazoglu et al, 2001)．Sergio (Sergio et al, 2006) や，Matsuzaki (Matsuzaki et al, 2006 (Matsuzaki et al, 2008)．また，Hiraoka (Hiraoka et al, 2009)，Matsuzaki (Matsuzaki et al, 2010(Matsuzaki et al, , 2012 Experimental apparatus composed of a tire rotating device, a force plate and a parallel mechanism. The parallel mechanism can apply high vertical and horizontal loads to the tire.…”

Section: 緒言近年，自動車の安全性向上を目的として，Abs(antilockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of friction coefficient between a tire and grounding surface with the deformation of inner of the tread

Tachiya

Ise

Higuchi

et al. 2018

Transactions of the JSME (In Japanese)

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Previously, in order to measure friction coefficients of tire grounding surface in car slipping, a cantilever-type sensor that can detect the vertical load and friction force as well as the direction of the friction force simultaneously has been proposed. The sensing part, which contacts grounding surface, of the proposed sensor is pulled out of the tire tread through a hole. However, penetrating the hole through tire tread part has some problems: leakage of air from the tire, weakening of the rigidity etc. Therefore this study proposes a sensor that can be installed on the inner surface of a tire without penetrating hole through the tire tread by filling the detecting part of the sensor in the inner part of the tire tread. If the detecting part filled in the inner surface has sufficient airtight structure from the integral manufacturing, the durability of the sensor as well as retaining air pressure are expected. This study measured the deformation of the inner part of the tread through the detecting part under high-load at tire slipping state. Furthermore, relation between the measurement values and the force applied to the tire from grounding surface was clarified. As a result, the study confirmed that the proposed method can detect the friction coefficients between the tire and tire grounding surface.

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“…All these systems rely on new sensors embedded in the tire to form the so so-called intelligent or smart tire [23,24,25,26,27,28,29], a system capable of monitoring directly and continuously these key parameters. The measured data are transferred to a logic control unit to be processed.…”

Section: Introduction and State Of The Art Of “Smart Tires”mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the solutions that obtained a good visibility in the context of intelligent tires, two macro-categories are worth mentioning, the former related to a direct acceleration measurement [6,8,13], the latter related to strain measurements [21,25,26,27], both of inner tire points. Works of Audisio [30], Morinaga [31] and Hannah [14] are more focused on a widespread industrial application of smart tire and employ commercial sensors, while others [8,13,15,25,32] use prototypal devices to study the nature of the phenomena involving the tire rolling.…”

Section: Introduction and State Of The Art Of “Smart Tires”mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multisensing Setup for the Intelligent Tire Monitoring

Coppo

Pepe

Roveri

et al. 2017

Sensors

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The present paper offers the chance to experimentally measure, for the first time, the internal tire strain by optical fiber sensors during the tire rolling in real operating conditions. The phenomena that take place during the tire rolling are in fact far from being completely understood. Despite several models available in the technical literature, there is not a correspondently large set of experimental observations. The paper includes the detailed description of the new multi-sensing technology for an ongoing vehicle measurement, which the research group has developed in the context of the project OPTYRE. The experimental apparatus is mainly based on the use of optical fibers with embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings sensors for the acquisition of the circumferential tire strain. Other sensors are also installed on the tire, such as a phonic wheel, a uniaxial accelerometer, and a dynamic temperature sensor. The acquired information is used as input variables in dedicated algorithms that allow the identification of key parameters, such as the dynamic contact patch, instantaneous dissipation and instantaneous grip. The OPTYRE project brings a contribution into the field of experimental grip monitoring of wheeled vehicles, with implications both on passive and active safety characteristics of cars and motorbikes.

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Optical 3D Deformation Measurement Utilizing Non-planar Surface for the Development of an “Intelligent Tire”

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of Applied Load Estimation Using Strain for Intelligent Tires

Analysis of Applied Load Estimation Using Strain for Intelligent Tires

Measurement of friction coefficient between a tire and grounding surface with the deformation of inner of the tread

A Multisensing Setup for the Intelligent Tire Monitoring

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