A Multisensing Setup for the Intelligent Tire Monitoring

Abstract

The present paper offers the chance to experimentally measure, for the first time, the internal tire strain by optical fiber sensors during the tire rolling in real operating conditions. The phenomena that take place during the tire rolling are in fact far from being completely understood. Despite several models available in the technical literature, there is not a correspondently large set of experimental observations. The paper includes the detailed description of the new multi-sensing technology for an ongoing vehicle measurement, which the research group has developed in the context of the project OPTYRE. The experimental apparatus is mainly based on the use of optical fibers with embedded Fiber Bragg Gratings sensors for the acquisition of the circumferential tire strain. Other sensors are also installed on the tire, such as a phonic wheel, a uniaxial accelerometer, and a dynamic temperature sensor. The acquired information is used as input variables in dedicated algorithms that allow the identification of key parameters, such as the dynamic contact patch, instantaneous dissipation and instantaneous grip. The OPTYRE project brings a contribution into the field of experimental grip monitoring of wheeled vehicles, with implications both on passive and active safety characteristics of cars and motorbikes.

Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures in Load Sensing Wheel Hub Bearings

“…The signal from the ADC (5) is used to define the measurement information from the AFBS. In the reference channel, the unmodified signal (diagram e) is sent to the reference photodetector (7) and then it is processed by the reference ADC (8). All the subsequent calculations are performed using the relations of the signal amplitudes in the measuring and reference channels.…”

“…Theoretically, every component of the vehicle transferring the loads from the tire contact patch to vehicle body can be used to estimate the wheel loads. Thus four main categories of wheel force determination methods can be distinguished in accordance with the vehicle components they are based on: tire-based methods (including the ones that use piezoelectric [5][6][7], fiber-optic [8][9][10], optical [11][12][13] sensors, electrical resistant strain gauges [14,15], as well as accelerometers [16]); wheel disc-based methods (primarily used in testing equipment [7]); suspension-based methods (including strain measurement of suspension bushings [17], displacement measurement of knuckle [18]), and wheel hub bearings-based methods (load sensing bearings) [19-22, 24, 31]. Wheel forces measurement based on load sensing hub bearings has a number of advantages in comparison with the other approaches.…”

Car collision avoidance with velocity obstacle approach: Evaluation of the reliability and performace of the collision avoidance maneuver

“…The Pacejka model uses nonlinear functions in terms of the longitudinal and lateral slip ratios , , together with a linear dependence on the normal forces acting on the wheels. Nowadays it is possible to measure the real time conditions of the tires grip, thanks to the development of embedded sensors such as in [8].…”

An innovative decision rule approach to tyre pressure monitoring

“…Garcia-Pozuelo et al 2017implemented a novel strain-based method to estimate tyre conditions such as inflation pressure, vertical load or rolling speed using fuzzy logic. Coppo et al (2017) developed a multi-sensing set-up to measure experimentally the tyre strain using optical sensors on a rolling tyre. Kubba & Jiang (2014) conducted a compressive study of TPMS technologies and potential energy saving solutions.…”