Optic Nerve Head Extracellular Matrix in Primary Optic Atrophy and Experimental Glaucoma

Morrison, John C.; Pease, Mary Ellen; Dunkelberger, Gregory R.; Quigley, Harry A.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1990.01070090122053

Cited by 174 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The extrinsic force of IOP on the optic nerve causes backward bowing of the laminar support tissues, distortion of the laminar plates, misalignment of the laminar pores, and nerve cell damage by direct mechanical compression or interruption of axoplasmic flow. [55][56][57] These proposed mechanisms of pressure damage are largely derived from animal models of high IOP. Elevated IOP is easily measured and modeled in laboratory animals; thus the extrinsic, pressure-induced hypothesis of GON has been extensively studied.…”

Section: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Factors and Modelling Glaucomatoumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have estimated the total number of axons and axon density within the optic nerve by using a small random sample of between 3% and 5% of the total number of axons within the optic nerve. 55,126,128 These studies have shown poor reproducibility as well as marked differences in the estimation of total numbers of axons within the optic nerve. This variability among counting techniques has led to a reexamination of this issue.…”

Section: Estimating Retinal Ganlion Cell Axon Densities In the Primatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55,126,128 Some earlier investigations of optic nerve axon counts had axon number estimations as high as 1.7 million fibers 127 and were probably overestimations. Potts and associates 127 counted 100% of the optic nerve fibers of three monkeys using an early imaging system and obtained 1.5 to 1.8 million optic nerve fibers.…”

Section: Estimating Retinal Ganlion Cell Axon Densities In the Primatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ischemic model of optic nerve injury

Cioffi

2006

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Factors and Modelling Glaucomatoumentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Retinal Ganlion Cell Axon Densities In the Primatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Retinal Ganlion Cell Axon Densities In the Primatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ischemic model of optic nerve injury

Cioffi

2006

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Chronically elevated IOP and advanced disease stage seems to produce progressive changes in the ONH, including axonal and non-axonal effects (extracellular matrix and astrocytes), possibly resulting in a stiffer and less deformable structure. [30][31][32]47,48 Among systemic factors evaluated in our study, only diabetes was significantly associated with pressureinduced topographic changes in the ONH. The presence of diabetes in glaucoma patients was related to a smaller magnitude of changes in ONH topographic parameters after IOP reduction, even after adjusting for other covariates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…6,[22][23][24][25][26] Previous studies have suggested that systemic and ocular factors, such as ageing, [27][28][29] chronically elevated IOP, [30][31][32] level of glaucomatous damage, 1,17,33 and disc size (scleral canal diameter), 34 could influence the susceptibility of an individual ONH to a given level of IOP. More recently, it has been suggested that other factors could be either directly or indirectly related to ONH response to pressure-induced damage, such as corneal parameters (both CCT and CH) 13,[35][36][37] and diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with topographic changes of the optic nerve head induced by acute intraocular pressure reduction in glaucoma patients

Prata

Lima

Moraes

et al. 2010

Eye

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Purpose To investigate factors associated with changes in optic nerve head (ONH) topography after acute intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods Untreated POAG patients (IOP 421 mm Hg) were prospectively enrolled. Systemic and ocular information were collected, including central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal hysteresis (CH). All patients underwent confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and tonometry (Goldmann) before and 1 h after pharmacological IOP reduction. The mean of three measurements was considered for analysis. Changes in each ONH topographic parameter were assessed (one eye was randomly selected), and those that changed significantly were correlated with patient's systemic and ocular characteristics. Results A total of 42 patients were included (mean age, 66.7 ± 11.8 years). After a mean IOP reduction of 47.3±11.9%, significant changes were observed in cup area and volume, and in rim area and volume (Po0.01), but not in mean cup depth (P ¼ 0.80). Multiple regression analysis (controlling for baseline IOP and magnitude of IOP reduction) showed that CH (r 2 ¼ 0.17, Po0.01) and diabetes diagnosis (r 2 X0.21, Po0.01) were negatively correlated with the magnitude of changes in ONH parameters, whereas the cup-to-disc ratio was positively correlated (r 2 ¼ 0.30, Po0.01). Age, race, disc area, and CCT were not significant (PX0.12). Including all significant factors in a multivariable model, only the presence of diabetes remained significantly associated with all ONH parameters evaluated (Po0.01). Conclusions Different systemic and ocular factors, such as diabetes, CH, and the relative size of the cup, seem to be associated with the magnitude of changes in ONH topography after acute IOP reduction in POAG patients. These associations partially explain the ONH changes observed in these patients and suggest that other factors are possibly implicated in an individual susceptibility to IOP.

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Clinical and Ocular Histopathological Findings in a Patient With Normal-Pressure Glaucoma

1998

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To study the histopathological changes of eyes from a patient with normal-pressure glaucoma whose clinical and laboratory findings were well documented.Methods: Postmortem histopathological findings in a patient with normal-pressure glaucoma who had monoclonal gammopathy and serum immunoreactivity to retinal proteins were examined in comparison with those of an age-matched control subject. Clinicopathological correlations to laboratory findings were examined.Results: Clinical and histopathological findings of the patient, including cavernous degeneration of optic nerve and characteristic optic nerve cupping, were similar to those in patients with glaucoma who had high intraocular pressure. In addition, we found immunoglobulin G and immonuglobulin A deposition in the ganglion cells, inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina, and evidence of apoptotic retinal cell death using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferasemediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling technique.Conclusions: Serum antibodies to retinal proteins and retinal immunoglobulin deposition constitute novel findings in a patient with normal-pressure glaucoma and may contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms underlying glaucomatous optic neuropathy in this disorder.

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Optic Nerve Head Extracellular Matrix in Primary Optic Atrophy and Experimental Glaucoma

Cited by 174 publications

References 7 publications

Ischemic model of optic nerve injury

Ischemic model of optic nerve injury

Factors associated with topographic changes of the optic nerve head induced by acute intraocular pressure reduction in glaucoma patients

Clinical and Ocular Histopathological Findings in a Patient With Normal-Pressure Glaucoma

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