Optic Disc and Optic Nerve of the Blind Cape Mole-Rat (Georychus capensis): A Proposed Model for Naturally Occurring Reactive Gliosis

Omlin, François X.

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00283-9

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Our results thus suggest that CRF may benefit myelin integrity, even in the absence of any detectable larger-scale tissue changes. Although the mechanisms contributing to a potential fitness-myelin relationship are still unknown, the electrical activity of cortical neurons may play a significant role because axonal myelination by oligodendrocytes appears to be triggered by neural activity (Bradl and Lassmann, 2010; Gyllensten and Malmfors, 1963; Omlin, 1997). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively correlated with cerebral white matter integrity in healthy seniors

et al. 2012

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High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important protective factor reducing the risk of cardiac-related disability and mortality. Recent research suggests that high CRF also has protective effects on the brain’s macrostructure and functional response. However, little is known about the potential relationship between CRF and the brain’s white matter (WM) microstructure. This study explored the relationship between a comprehensive measure of CRF (VO2 peak, total time on treadmill, and 1-minute heart rate recovery) and multiple diffusion tensor imaging measures of WM integrity. Participants were 26 healthy community dwelling seniors between the ages of 60 and 69 (mean = 64.79 years, SD = 2.8). Results indicated a positive correlation between comprehensive CRF and fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large portion of the corpus callosum. Both VO2 peak and total time on treadmill contributed significantly to explaining the variance in mean FA in this region. The CRF-FA relationship observed in the corpus callosum was primarily characterized by a negative correlation between CRF and radial diffusivity in the absence of CRF correlations with either axial diffusivity or mean diffusivity. Tractography results demonstrated that portions of the corpus callosum associated with CRF primarily involved those interconnecting frontal regions associated with high-level motor planning. These results suggest that high CRF may attenuate age-related myelin declines in portions of the corpus callosum that interconnect homologous premotor cortex regions involved in motor planning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively correlated with cerebral white matter integrity in healthy seniors

et al. 2012

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“…Although the neurobiological mechanisms contributing to a potential SES-WM integrity relationship are still unclear, cognitive stimulation, and the subsequent activation of cortical neurons, may play a significant role because axon myelination appears to be triggered by neural activity (Bradl and Lassmann 2010;Gyllensten and Malmfors 1963;Omlin 1997). Support for such a mechanism comes from studies exploring the effects of cognitive stimulation (cognitive training) on WM integrity (Engvig et al 2011;Lovden et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status is positively correlated with frontal white matter integrity in aging

Johnson

Kim

Gold

2012

AGE

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Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important reserve variable which has been shown to benefit the aging brain's macrostructure. However, it remains unknown whether SES affects age-related changes in the brain's white matter (WM) microstructure. Here, we used diffusion tensor imaging to explore the relationship between SES and three components of the diffusion tensor [fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity (DR)]. Participants were 40 (16 male) cognitively normal young adults (mean age=33.3 years, SD=4.27) and 44 (19 male) cognitively normal community dwelling seniors (mean age=66.2 years, SD= 7.5). Age-related FA declines were observed across a large portion of the WM skeleton. However, seniors with high SES showed lower age-related WM integrity declines in three frontal tracts: the right anterior corona radiata and bilateral portions of WM underlying the superior frontal gyri (SFG-WM). Positive SES-FA correlations were primarily driven by negative DR-SES correlations, suggesting that SES may buffer age-related declines in myelin. The functional significance of high SES in these frontal tracts was demonstrated through positive correlations with working memory performance. Possible mechanisms through which SES may attenuate the effects of age on frontal WM integrity are discussed.

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“…Mice reared in the dark developed fewer myelinated axons in the optic nerve compared with normally reared mice [6]. Myelination is highly decreased in the optic nerve of blind cape mole rats [7], whereas premature opening of eyelids accelerated the process of myelination in the optic nerve of rabbit [8]. To evaluate the role of electrical activity on the process of myelination, we have used specific neurotoxins either blocking, like tetrodotoxin (TTX), or stimulating, like a-scorpion toxin, electrical activity of axons.…”

Section: Electrical Activity Is a Positive Signal Necessary For Myelimentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal signals in central nervous system myelination, demyelination and remyelination

Coman

Barbin

Charles

et al. 2005

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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Optic Disc and Optic Nerve of the Blind Cape Mole-Rat (Georychus capensis): A Proposed Model for Naturally Occurring Reactive Gliosis

Cited by 24 publications

References 31 publications

Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively correlated with cerebral white matter integrity in healthy seniors

Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively correlated with cerebral white matter integrity in healthy seniors

Socioeconomic status is positively correlated with frontal white matter integrity in aging

Axonal signals in central nervous system myelination, demyelination and remyelination

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