Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder

Abstract

This is the second of two parts of a review of the key research findings from the past 10 years on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD), referred to here as disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). In part I, we reviewed evidence regarding the features and diagnostic subclassifications of DBD, distinctions between ODD and CD, epidemiological findings, and comorbidity with other disorders. Since the relationship between DBD and other psychopathology was reviewed in part I, we have not included other psychopathology as risk factors in this article. Interested readers are referred to part I of this review (Loeber et al., 2000).In part II of this article, we focus on developmental models of DBD, as well as on their risk fac-tors and correlates, such as neurological and biological processes and psychosocial factors. We also review research on the effectiveness of treatment for DBD and make recommendations for future research and practice. SCOPE OF THE SELECTED RESEARCHOur intention was to consider research on the diagnoses of ODD and CD. However, many worthwhile studies have examined overlapping constructs. Therefore, where relevant, we include studies of risk factors for delinquency and violence, realizing that such constructs are not identical with DBD. The similarities they share with DBD suggest that risk factors for delinquency and violence

Family Risk Factors Associated With Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, and Aggressive Behaviors Among Chinese Children With Oppositional Defiant Disorder

“…Consistent with previous studies, our findings indicate that parents with difficulties in emotional regulation were more likely to adopt harsh parenting practices such as emotional abuse and corporal punishment when interacting with children (e.g., Lovejoy et al, 2000). These family risk factors might place children in stressful and insecure family contexts, which has been shown to impair children’s emotional regulation skills (Morris et al, 2007) and increase symptoms of ODD and depression (Burke et al, 2004; Morris and Gibson, 2012; Han and Shaffer, 2013).…”

“…Parental emotional abuse is more likely than corporal punishment to be linked to child anxiety, depressive symptoms, acute stress, and anger/hostility, and comparable to corporal punishment in predicting externalizing problems (Spinazzola et al, 2014). Parental corporal punishment has been found to be strongly associated with child aggressive, defiant, and disruptive behaviors (Shields and Cicchetti, 2001; Gershoff, 2002; Burke et al, 2004; Pardini et al, 2008). Moreover, frequent parental corporal punishment was found to be associated with the development of ODD, which includes both internalizing and externalizing symptoms, in elementary school students (Tung and Lee, 2014).…”

Parental and Familial Predictors and Moderators of Parent Management Treatment Programs for Conduct Problems in Youth

“…In addition, a range of predictors and moderators were explored. They included previously identified risk factors such as SES and maternal depression (Burke, Loeber, & Birmaher, 2004;Murrihy et al, 2010), as well as variables such as parental commands and parent-child interactions, which are specifically targeted during these interventions. Unfortunately, their sample size was moderate (n = 117), making it more difficult to detect moderation.…”

Comparison of Depression, Anxiety and Stress in the Mothers of Children with and without Oppositional Defiant Behaviors

“…In fact, most existing research has studied the risk factors associated with all disorders of maladaptive behaviors and most often as a combination of causes of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder [2,24]. Moreover, most researchers are investigating samples with severe maladaptive behaviors, such as juvenile delinquents or clinical specimens.…”