Opposite Responses of Cells and Bacteria to Micro/Nanopatterned Surfaces Prepared by Pulsed Plasma Polymerization and UV-Irradiation

Abstract

Chemically and topographically patterned surfaces have high potential as model surfaces for studying cell and bacteria responses to surface chemistry and surface topography at a nanoscale level. In this work, we demonstrated the possibility to combine pulsed plasma polymerization and UV-irradiation to obtain topographical patterns and chemical patterns perfectly controlled at microlateral resolution and sub-micrometer depth level. Biological experiments were conducted using human osteoprogenitor cells and Escherichia coli K12. Proliferation and orientation of cells and bacteria were analyzed and discussed according to the size and the chemistry of the features. This work showed interesting opposite behavior of bacteria compared to eukaryotic cells, in response to the surface chemistry and to the surface topography. This result may be particularly useful on medical implants. From a methodological point of view, it highlighted the importance of working with versatile and well-characterized surfaces before and after sterilization. It also points out the relevance and the necessity of analyzing eukaryotic cell and bacteria adhesion in parallel way.

Preventing bacterial adhesion on scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…However, there have been very few studies analyzing surfaces that fulfill both conditions [61,62] . The idea of tailoring surfaces with customized and selective responses toward specific cell types (eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells) should be mandatory in the design of biomaterials for TE purposes [63] .…”

Design of Nanostructured Functional Coatings by Using Wet-Chemistry Methods

“…Topographical modification of the resultant surfaces with nano-and microstructures has emerged as a potential tool for the fabrication of functionalized surfaces with antibacterial properties [100]. Some of the technologies usually applied for fabrication of antibacterial surfaces via surface micro-and nanostructuring are chemical etching (Black Silicon), physical vapor deposition (PVD), plasma irradiation, hydrothermal treatments, photolithography, electron-beam lithography and ablation by ultrashort pulsed lasers [101][102][103][104][105][106][107]. In Table 4, the advantages and disadvantages of these micro and nano-patterning technologies are shown.…”

“…Decreased adhesion on S. aureus, epidermidis and aeruginosa (10% < ε < 40%, depending on the bacteria)  Ultrashort pulsed laser ablation [106] Hierarchical structures (micro and nano); Direct nanostructuring of a wide variety of materials; Possibility of large area structuring.…”

Non-thermal plasma assisted lithography for biomedical applications: an overview

“…Ploux et al [91] combined photolithography and plasma polymerisation to deposit 1.6 µm wide pp maleic anhydride patterns on silicon wafers. After deposition, the samples were exposed to a UV-sterilisation process.…”