Opportunities for Products of New Plant Breeding Techniques

Schaart, Jan G.; Wiel, C.C.M. van de; Lotz, L.A.P.; Smulders, M.J.M.

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.11.006

Cited by 220 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…There is also a significant level of investment into the development of synthetic biology [37], although commercial applications of this within agriculture may be further into the future than the other NPBTs described. The emerging range of NPBTs provide enhanced scope for not only transgenic recombination of genetic code but also for cisgenic modification [38]. While transgenesis involves combining genetic sequences across different species (or kingdom) boundaries, cisgenic changes involve the use of genetic information from either the organism itself or from a sexually compatible donor.…”

Section: Defining What Is Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emerging range of NPBTs provide enhanced scope for not only transgenic recombination of genetic code but also for cisgenic modification [38]. While transgenesis involves combining genetic sequences across different species (or kingdom) boundaries, cisgenic changes involve the use of genetic information from either the organism itself or from a sexually compatible donor.…”

Section: Defining What Is Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Should Organic Agriculture Maintain Its Opposition to GM? New Techniques Writing the Same Old Story

2016

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Abstract:Biotechnology is diversifying rapidly through the development and application of new approaches to genome editing and ongoing research into synthetic biology. Proponents of biotechnology are enthusiastic about these new developments and have recently begun calling for environmental movements to abandon their campaigns against Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and for organic agriculture to reconsider its exclusion of Genetic Modification (GM). In this article, we begin by describing the diversity of practices that cluster under both the terms GM and organic and show that although there is a clash of different cultures of agriculture at stake, there is also a spectrum of practices existing between these two poles. Having established the terms of the debate, we then go on to analyse whether the organic movement should reconsider its position on GM in light of new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs), using the criteria highlighted as important by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) in their 2016 draft revised position on GMOs. Through this analysis, we suggest that given the in-context-trajectory of biotechnology development, the continued narrow framing of agricultural problems and the ongoing exclusion of important socio-economic, political and cultural dimensions, the organic movement is justified in maintaining its opposition to GM in the face of NPBTs.

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Section: Defining What Is Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Defining What Is Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should Organic Agriculture Maintain Its Opposition to GM? New Techniques Writing the Same Old Story

2016

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“…The crop improvement process is accelerated via micropropagation, which allows rapid expansion of stock plants, and embryo rescue, which allows crossing of incompatible plants [140]. With the introduction of marker-assisted breeding, traditional methods gained efficiency, but their use is still limited in crops with complex genomes, polyploidy, self-incompatibility, and long generation time [141]. Chemical and radiation-induced mutations can also increase genetic variation, but screening for beneficial mutations while selecting against undesired ones can be time-consuming and expensive [140].…”

Section: Efforts To Control Pod Shatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the products of these new plant breeding techniques can be i) crops with new genetic material, ii) crops without new genetic material, but with modified DNA, or iii) crops without new or modified genetic material [141]. Depending on whether the end products will be classified under genetically modified crops or not, these methods may need extensive regulations and may be met with resistance, which will increase the time cost and alter the market dynamics [140].…”

Section: Efforts To Control Pod Shatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is especially important in crop improvement, because many advantageous traits, such as loss of shattering, are often caused by recessive loss-of-function mutations [147]. So far, most of these recent gene editing techniques have focused on disease resistance in crops, but same techniques can be used to improve other traits including shattering-resistance, reduced allergenicity, abiotic stress tolerance, and increased nutritional value [141]. To the best of our knowledge, these techniques have not yet been used to modify any of the known candidate genes for shattering pods.…”

Section: Efforts To Control Pod Shatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement

Ogutcen¹,

Pandey²,

Khan³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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In wild habitats, fruit dehiscence is a critical strategy for seed dispersal; however, in cultivated crops it is one of the major sources of yield loss. Therefore, indehiscence of fruits, pods, etc., was likely to be one of the first traits strongly selected in crop domestication. Even with the historical selection against dehiscence in early domesticates, it is a trait still targeted in many breeding programs, particularly in minor or underutilized crops. Here, we review of this trait in pulse (grain legume) crops, which are of growing importance as a source of protein in human and livestock diets, and which have received less attention iii) the molecular pathways underlying this important trait, iv) an overview of the extent of crop losses due to shattering, and the effects of environmental factors on shattering, and, v) efforts to reduce shattering in crops. While our focus is mainly pulse crops, we also included comparisons to crucifers and cereals because there is extensive research on shattering in these taxa.

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The Use of Genetic Engineering to Improve the Nutritional Profile of Traditional Plant Foods

Lima

Santos

Vasconcelos

2017

Phytonutritional Improvement of Crops

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Opportunities for Products of New Plant Breeding Techniques

Cited by 220 publications

References 46 publications

Should Organic Agriculture Maintain Its Opposition to GM? New Techniques Writing the Same Old Story

Should Organic Agriculture Maintain Its Opposition to GM? New Techniques Writing the Same Old Story

Pod Shattering: A Homologous Series of Variation Underlying Domestication and an Avenue for Crop Improvement

The Use of Genetic Engineering to Improve the Nutritional Profile of Traditional Plant Foods

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