The Use of Genetic Engineering to Improve the Nutritional Profile of Traditional Plant Foods

Lima, Marta R. M.; Santos, Carla S.; Vasconcelos, Marta W.

doi:10.1002/9781119079972.ch6

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…At the core of the interest of many consumers is, furthermore, the ability to purchase high quality products at low prices. The anticipated beneficial impact of genome editing on the nutritional value of food (Abdallah et al, 2015, p. 185; Khatodia et al, 2016, p. 9; Jiang et al, 2017; Karkute et al, 2017, p. 4; Lima et al, 2017, p. 238) combined with the expected market price drop (Voytas and Gao, 2014, p. 4–5; van Erp et al, 2015, p. 87) suggests that the adoption of products derived from genome edited plants would meet the consumer interest in that regard.…”

Section: Normative Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, an improvement of the nutritional value of crops is frequently associated with genome editing (Abdallah et al, 2015, p. 185; Khatodia et al, 2016, p. 9; Jiang et al, 2017; Karkute et al, 2017, p. 4; Lima et al, 2017, p. 238). This is of special importance to developing countries since the population is often relying only on a single staple food—especially cereals—to meet their nutritional needs (Christou and Twyman, 2004, p. 35; Bouis, 2007, p. 79).…”

Section: Normative Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Normative Criteria and Their Inclusion in a Regulatory Framework for New Plant Varieties Derived From Genome Editing

Hamburger

2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Any legal regulation has to take into account fundamental interests and concerns, whether of private or public nature. This applies in particular to the politically and socially sensitive question of regulating plant biotechnology. With the advent of new breeding techniques, such as genome editing, new challenges are arising for legislators around the world. However, in coping with them not only the technical particularities of the new breeding techniques must be taken into account but also the diverse and sometimes conflicting interests of the various stakeholders. In order to be able to draft a suitable regulatory regime for these new techniques, the different interests and concerns at play are identified. Subsequently, a determination is made on how these interests relate to each other, before regulatory concepts to reconcile the conflicting demands are presented. The examined normative criteria, which can have an impact on regulatory decisions regarding genome edited plants and products derived from them, include: industry interests, farmer interests, public opinion, consumer rights and interests, human health and food safety, food security, environmental protection, consistency, and coherence of the regulatory framework and ethical or religious convictions. Since those interests differ from country to country depending on the respective political, economic, and social circumstances, the respective legislator has the task of identifying these normative criteria and must find a suitable balance between them. To this end, a concept is developed on how the different interests can be related to each other and how to deal with conflicting and irreconcilable demands. Additionally, a legislator may have recourse to a number of further analyzed regulatory measures. An approval or notification procedure can be used for a risk assessment or a socio-economic evaluation. Coexistence measures and labeling provisions are able to reconcile interests that are at odds with each other and the precautionary principle can justify certain safeguard measures. As a result, the individual country-specific regulatory outcomes regarding genome edited plants are likely to be as manifold as the interests and regulatory measures at hand.

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