Opportunities for PLA and Its Blends in Various Applications

Mokhena, Teboho Clement; Mochane, Mokgaotsa Jonas; Sadiku, Emmanuel Rotimi; Agboola, Oluranti; John, Maya Jacob

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8063-1_3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…A wide range of polymers are in clinical use regarding drug carrying matrices for DES [ 24 , 25 ]. Alongside chemically inert polymers, such as fluorinated polymers, polylactide (PLA) and its derivatives are widely used as coating matrices due to the easy processability and their biodegradable nature [ 26 ]. Table 1 gives a brief overview about the state-of-the-art of available DES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Drug Incorporation on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Poly(l-Lactide) Implant Coating Matrices—A Systematic Study

et al. 2021

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Local drug delivery has become indispensable in biomedical engineering with stents being ideal carrier platforms. While local drug release is superior to systemic administration in many fields, the incorporation of drugs into polymers may influence the physico-chemical properties of said matrix. This is of particular relevance as minimally invasive implantation is frequently accompanied by mechanical stresses on the implant and coating. Thus, drug incorporation into polymers may result in a susceptibility to potentially life-threatening implant failure. We investigated spray-coated poly-l-lactide (PLLA)/drug blends using thermal measurements (DSC) and tensile tests to determine the influence of selected drugs, namely sirolimus, paclitaxel, dexamethasone, and cyclosporine A, on the physico-chemical properties of the polymer. For all drugs and PLLA/drug ratios, an increase in tensile strength was observed. As for sirolimus and dexamethasone, PLLA/drug mixed phase systems were identified by shifted drug melting peaks at 200 °C and 240 °C, respectively, whereas paclitaxel and dexamethasone led to cold crystallization. Cyclosporine A did not affect matrix thermal properties. Altogether, our data provide a contribution towards an understanding of the complex interaction between PLLA and different drugs. Our results hold implications regarding the necessity of target-oriented thermal treatment to ensure the shelf life and performance of stent coatings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Drug Incorporation on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Poly(l-Lactide) Implant Coating Matrices—A Systematic Study

et al. 2021

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“…Depending on the quantity of the mixed components, Arboform can be commercially found in three different options: LV3 Nature, F45 Nature and LV5 Nature. These composite materials can be extruded and injected by using the same technologies applied to engineer polymers based on lignin as a matrix and reinforced with natural fibers [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Toughness in Lignin/Natural Fiber Composites Plasticized with Epoxidized and Maleinized Linseed Oils

et al. 2020

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The use of maleinized (MLO) and epoxidized (ELO) linseed oils as potential biobased plasticizers for lignin/natural fiber composites formulations with improved toughness was evaluated. Arboform®, a lignin/natural fiber commercial composite, was used as a reference matrix for the formulations. The plasticizer content varied in the range 0–15 wt % and mechanical, thermal and morphological characterizations were used to assess the potential of these environmentally friendly modifiers. Results from impact tests show a general increase in the impact-absorbed energy for all the samples modified with bio-oils. The addition of 2.5 wt % of ELO to Arboform (5.4 kJ/m2) was able to double the quantity of absorbed energy (11.1 kJ/m2) and this value slightly decreased for samples containing 5 and 10 wt %. A similar result was obtained with the addition of MLO at 5 wt %, with an improvement of 118%. The results of tensile and flexural tests also show that ELO and MLO addition increased the tensile strength as the percentage of both oils increased, even if higher values were obtained with lower percentages of maleinized oil due to the possible presence of ester bonds formed between multiple maleic groups present in MLO and the hydroxyl groups of the matrix. Thermal characterization confirmed that the mobility of polymer chains was easier in the presence of ELO molecules. On the other hand, MLO presence delayed the crystallization event, predominantly acting as an anti-nucleating agent, interrupting the folding or packing process. Both chemically modified vegetable oils also efficiently improved the thermal stability of the neat matrix.

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PLA bio-nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for 3D printing applications

Agbakoba,

Mokhena,

Ferg

et al. 2023

Cellulose

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This study deals with the development of 3D printable bionanocomposites using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with ≤ 2% D-lactic acid content and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The CNFs were extracted from the waste sawdust of Eucalyptus grandis via chemical and mechanical techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the CNFs were thermally stable within the intended processing temperature ranges. In this study, a combination of solvent casting and melt extrusion techniques was adopted in the production of PLA containing 1 wt% and 3 wt% CNFs. The neat PLA filament was brittle and frequently broke during fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. However, the incorporation of triacetin as a green plasticizer resulted in improved filament flexibility and eliminated the inherent brittleness. TGA analysis revealed a slight reduction in the degradation temperature of the bionanocomposites when compared to neat polymer; however, all the specimens were thermally stable within the processing temperature. The scanning electron microscopy images of the 3D printed specimens revealed the presence of voids across the fracture surfaces. The tensile analysis of 3D printed specimens revealed that the PLA/CNF bionanocomposites exhibited higher tensile modulus, and elongation (strain) when compared to PLA-based specimens. The tensile strength of the 3D-printed 1 wt% bionanocomposite specimen was 12% higher than that of the neat specimen, whereas the 3 wt% bionanocomposite remained comparable to neat PLA. In summary, the morphological, tensile and 3D printing analysis revealed that the bionanocomposite filaments possessed adequate roundness, flexibility, and strength. The as-prepared filaments performed well under low printing temperatures without warping.

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Opportunities for PLA and Its Blends in Various Applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 93 publications

Influence of Drug Incorporation on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Poly(l-Lactide) Implant Coating Matrices—A Systematic Study

Influence of Drug Incorporation on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Poly(l-Lactide) Implant Coating Matrices—A Systematic Study

Improved Toughness in Lignin/Natural Fiber Composites Plasticized with Epoxidized and Maleinized Linseed Oils

PLA bio-nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for 3D printing applications

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