2016
DOI: 10.1007/s11938-016-0112-0
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Opioids and GI Motility—Friend or Foe?

Abstract: The use of opioids for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain is growing at an alarming rate. Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction (OBD) is a common adverse effect of long-term opioid treatment manifesting as constipation, nausea, and vomiting. These effects are primarily mediated by peripheral μ-opioid receptors with resultant altered GI motility and function. As a result, patients may present with opioid-induced constipation (OIC), opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV), and/or narcotic bowel syndrome (NBS)… Show more

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Cited by 24 publications
(23 citation statements)
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“…Opioids are known to interfere with normal gastrointestinal (GI) motility by delaying transit, resulting in adverse effects such as bowel dysfunction [ 34 ]. These effects are primarily mediated by peripheral μ-opioid receptors, which are widely distributed in the submucosa [ 35 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Opioids are known to interfere with normal gastrointestinal (GI) motility by delaying transit, resulting in adverse effects such as bowel dysfunction [ 34 ]. These effects are primarily mediated by peripheral μ-opioid receptors, which are widely distributed in the submucosa [ 35 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Physiologic effects of opioids on the bowel include the appearance of nonperistaltic contractions and increased absorption of fluids, resulting in harder stools. [ 89 90 91 92 ] Therefore, opioids may help prolong bacterial spore contact with the colonic mucosa and thus promote CD colonization. [ 88 ] Consequently, it is not surprising that opioid use has been associated with 3-fold increase in CDI risk [ 27 ] as well as 2.5 times the odds of severe and CCDI.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the bowel wall, opioids bind to opioid μ-receptors and give abnormal motility, decreased secretion of fluids, and increased sphincter tone. 3,4 This may cause a cluster of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms referred to as opioid-induced bowel dysfunction, which embraces symptoms like gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, bloating, borborygmi, and constipation. Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most burdensome and common adverse effect of opioid treatment and affects around 40%-70% of patients taking opioids continuously; symptoms typically manifest as infrequent bowel movements or defecation difficulties.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%