Opioid–dopamine interaction in planaria: a behavioral study

Passarelli, Francesca; Merante, Angelo; Pontieri, Francesco E.; Margotta, Vito; Venturini, Giorgio; Palladini, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00048-1

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this study, 5-HT, 8-OH-DPAT, and mCPP all elicited increases in occurrence of SLH and CLP, which are also elicited in planarians by nonselective dopaminergic ligands (Carolei et al, 1975;Passarelli et al, 1999;Buttarelli et al, 2000). The observation that the serotonin agonists produced SLH and CLP suggests that a component of these behaviors is probably mediated by 5-HT receptors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The occurrence and duration of behaviors were recorded by keystroke using a computer program (Video Analysis 2 for Windows, William Tietjen, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky). The behaviors were recorded as follows, similar to those defined previously (Passarelli et al, 1999;Buttarelli et al, 2000;Raffa and Desai, 2005): headswing (planarian stationary; tail portion fixed to ground with head portion moving about from side to side); writhing (nonlocomotor back and forth behaviors); C-like position (CLP) (planarian adopts a C-like shape); screw-like hyperkinesia (SLH) (planarian adopts a screw-like shape with a twisting about the longitudinal axis).…”

Section: Observational Analysis Of Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rodents, these receptors mediate a variety of stereotyped behaviors such as 'head shakes ', 'backpedaling', 'head-twitch', 'head-weaving', 'turning', and 'forepaw treading' (Willins and Meltzer, 1997;Hori et al, 2000;Vickers et al, 2001) that have been used for characterizing and screening a number of pharmacotherapeutics. As planarians have proven to be a useful model for studying the pharmacology and behavior of various receptor systems (Kimmel and Carlyon, 1990;Passarelli et al, 1999;Buttarelli et al, 2000Buttarelli et al, , 2002, this study was undertaken to describe more closely and quantify the role of 5-HT receptor subtypes in this species, which is considered to be one of the earliest invertebrates to have a centralized 'brain' and nervous system. The planarian's nervous system consists of bilobar structuralization, commissural fibers, longitudinal fibers that descend within the caudal extensions of the planarian brain, and sensory and motor nerves that innervate peripheral structures and body muscles (Sarnat and Netsky, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level of complexity varies among species. Planarians exhibit characteristic behaviors in response to 5-HT (Togrol, 1968;Kimmel and Carlyon, 1990), dopamine (Carolei et al, 1975;Passarelli et al, 1999;Buttarelli et al, 2000), cannabinoid (Buttarelli et al, 2002), acetylcholine (Buttarelli et al, 2000), and opioid (Passarelli et al, 1999) ligands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the effects of 5-HT, the selective 5-HT 1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT, and the 5-HT 1B/2C agonist mCPP were examined using a series of observation metrics (Passarelli et al, 1999;Buttarelli et al, 2000;Raffa and Desai, 2005) and the pLMV locomotor metric Raffa and Valdez, 2001). Further, the selective 5-HT 1A antagonist WAY-100635 was used to determine the role of 5-HT 1A receptors in mediating the behavioral responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral characterization of serotonergic activation in the flatworm Planaria

Farrell

Gilmore

Raffa

et al. 2008

Behavioural Pharmacology

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Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors have been identified in Planaria, a model used for studying the pharmacology of behavioral phenomena. This study characterized the behavioral and locomotor effects of 5-HT, a 5-HT1A agonist, a 5-HT1B/2C agonist, and a 5-HT1A antagonist to examine the role of 5-HT receptor activation in this species. Planarians were video recorded individually in a clear plastic cube containing drug solution or vehicle. To quantify locomotor velocity (pLMV), planarians were placed individually into a dish containing drug solution or vehicle and the rate of gridline crossings was recorded. For the antagonist experiments, four conditions were studied: water alone, agonist alone, antagonist alone, and agonist plus antagonist. The decrease in pLMV induced by the5-HT1A agonist (8-OH-DPAT), and the 5-HT1B/2C agonist (mCPP), was antagonized by pretreatment with the 5-HT1A antagonist (WAY-100635) at a dose that had no effect of its own on pLMV. At a higher concentration of WAY-100635, further decreases in pLMV induced by 8-OH-DPAT were observed. Each agonist produced increased occurrences of 'C-like position' and 'screw-like hyperkinesia', 5-HT and mCPP produced 'writhing', and only mCPP produced a significant increase in duration of 'headswing' behavior. The results demonstrate that the 5-HT1A receptor identified in Planaria mediates behavioral responses to 5-HT receptor ligands, supporting the notion that planarians possess functional 5-HT receptors and might serve as a simple model for their study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Observational Analysis Of Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral characterization of serotonergic activation in the flatworm Planaria

Farrell

Gilmore

Raffa

et al. 2008

Behavioural Pharmacology

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Planarian brain regeneration as a model system for developmental neurotoxicology

2016

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Freshwater planarians, famous for their regenerative prowess, have long been recognized as a valuable in vivo animal model to study the effects of chemical exposure. In this review, we summarize the current techniques and tools used in the literature to assess toxicity in the planarian system. We focus on the planarian's particular amenability for neurotoxicology and neuroregeneration studies, owing to the planarian's unique ability to regenerate a centralized nervous system. Zooming in from the organismal to the molecular level, we show that planarians offer a repertoire of morphological and behavioral readouts while also being amenable to mechanistic studies of compound toxicity. Finally, we discuss the open challenges and opportunities for planarian brain regeneration to become an important model system for modern toxicology.

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Agmatine: Identification and inhibition of methamphetamine, kappa opioid, and cannabinoid withdrawal in planarians

Gerber

Ding

Roth

et al. 2008

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Agmatine blocks morphine physical dependence in mammals, but its effects on withdrawal signs caused by other abused drugs have been less studied. One of the reasons is that withdrawal to some of these drugs is difficult to quantify in mammals. An alternative to mammals is planarians, a type of flatworm. Planarians possess mammalian-like neurotransmitters and display withdrawal from amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, and opioids. The withdrawal is manifested as a reduction in locomotor behavior following discontinuation of drug exposure. In the present study, our goal was to identify agmatine in planarians and to determine if planarians exposed to agmatine display withdrawal to methamphetamine, a cannabinoid receptor agonist (WIN 55,212-2), or a kappa-opioid receptor agonist (U-50,488H). Neurochemical experiments revealed that the concentration of agmatine in planarians was 185 +/- 33.7 pmol per mg of planarian weight (dry weight). In behavioral experiments, withdrawal (i.e., reduced locomotor activity) was observed when planarians exposed to each drug (10 microM) for 60 min were placed into water. The withdrawal was attenuated when methamphetamine- or U-50,488H-exposed planarians were tested in agmatine (100 microM). Withdrawal was inhibited similarly when planarians coexposed to agmatine (100 microM) plus methamphetamine (10 microM), WIN 55,212-2 (10 microM), or U-50,488H (10 microM) were tested in water. Arginine, the metabolic precursor to agmatine, was ineffective. Our results identify endogenous agmatine in planarians and demonstrate that agmatine exposure blocks withdrawal to three different drugs in planarians. This suggests that a change in agmatine signaling is a common mechanism in the withdrawal caused by these drugs, at least in planarians.

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Opioid–dopamine interaction in planaria: a behavioral study

Cited by 34 publications

References 13 publications

Behavioral characterization of serotonergic activation in the flatworm Planaria

Behavioral characterization of serotonergic activation in the flatworm Planaria

Planarian brain regeneration as a model system for developmental neurotoxicology

Agmatine: Identification and inhibition of methamphetamine, kappa opioid, and cannabinoid withdrawal in planarians

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