Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to ochratoxin A in food

,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2006.365

Cited by 195 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…When considering the estimated weekly intake (EWI) the obtained results for the three different scenarios were 4.71, 44.48, and 159.16 ng/kg b.w./week, respectively (Table 4). For risk assessment, the most recent tolerable weekly intake (TWI) value established by EFSA [30] was used (120 ng/kg b.w./week). In the first evaluation scenario, the percentage of estimated weekly intake (EWI) versus TWI was 3.92%.…”

Section: Human Estimated Daily Intake and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ochratoxin A in Beers Marketed in Portugal: Occurrence and Human Risk Assessment

Silva

Teixeira

Pereira

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is produced by fungi present in several agricultural products with much relevance to food safety. Since this mycotoxin is widely found in cereals, beer has a potential contamination risk. Therefore, it was deemed essential to quantify, for the first time, the levels of OTA in beer, a cereal-based product that is marketed in Portugal, as well as to calculate the human estimated weekly intake (EWI) and risk assessment. A total of 85 samples were analyzed through immunoaffinity clean-up, followed by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (LC-FD). This analytical methodology allowed a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.43 µg/L. The results showed that 10.6% were contaminated at levels ranging between <LOQ and 11.25 µg/L, with an average of 3.14 ± 4.09 µg/L. Samples of industrial production presented lower incidence and contamination levels than homemade and craft beers. On what concerns human risk, the calculated EWI was significantly lower than the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). However, in the worst case scenario, based on a high concentration, the rate EWI/TWI was 138.01%.

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Section: Human Estimated Daily Intake and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 120 ng/kg body weight (b.w.) was set for OTA in 2006 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ochratoxin A in Beers Marketed in Portugal: Occurrence and Human Risk Assessment

Silva

Teixeira

Pereira

et al. 2020

Toxins

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show abstract

“…The Scientific Committee of Food requested and obtained from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) current data for Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) for OTA—0.12 μg/kg of body weight (bw) [82]. Recently, EFSA published new information about the potential increase of maximum allowable level (from 4 to 10 μg/kg) for total AFs in peanuts and processed products, requested by EU Commission [83].…”

Section: Legislations Of Mycotoxins Level In Food and Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins and Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Pollen: Review

Kostić

Milinčić

Petrović

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and aw values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.

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“…Stoga je EFSA-in panel CON-TAM u svojem znanstvenom mišljenju zaključio da će više podataka biti potrebno za procjenu stope izloženosti ovog segmenta potrošača, uzimajući u obzir njihove prehrambene sklonosti. 50 Također je potrebno napomenuti da neke kategorije hrane nisu dovoljno opisane i analizirane na prisutnost okratoksina A, uključujući voćne sokove (osim soka od grožđa) te stoga nisu uzete u obzir u spomenutom EFSA-inu mišljenju o procjeni zbog njihove niske razine zagađenja okratoksinom A (0,1 i 0,01 μg/kg). Slično tome, suho voće i začini nisu uzeti u obzir zbog njihove niske potrošnje od 2,9 i 0,5 grama dnevno.…”

Section: Raspravaunclassified

Kontrola okratoksina A u sušenom voću

Kecerin

Petrović

Prskalo

et al. 2018

J. appl. health sci.

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Okratoksini su podgrupa mikotoksina koje stvaraju plijesni iz roda Aspergillus ochraceus i Penicillium viridicatum. Najpoznatiji je i najtoksičniji okratoksin A, manje je toksičan okratoksin B, a okratoksin C dobiven je samo u laboratorijskim uvjetima. Na pokusnim životinjama dokazan je nefrotoksičan, karcinogen, teratogen te imunosupresivan učinak okratoksina A, a novija istraživanja dokazuju da ima i štetan učinak na reproduktivno zdravlje ljudi. Najčešće se stvara na usjevima nakon žetve ako govorimo o žitaricama, ali predstavlja znatan zdravstveni te gospodarski problem i u proizvodnji, preradi, skladištenju i distribuciji drugih kultura kao što su začini, kava, mahunarke, orašasti plodovi, vino, pivo, sušeno voće i sl.

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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to ochratoxin A in food

Cited by 195 publications

References 100 publications

Ochratoxin A in Beers Marketed in Portugal: Occurrence and Human Risk Assessment

Ochratoxin A in Beers Marketed in Portugal: Occurrence and Human Risk Assessment

Mycotoxins and Mycotoxin Producing Fungi in Pollen: Review

Kontrola okratoksina A u sušenom voću

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