Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to fumonisins as undesirable substances in animal feed

,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2005.235

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, a significant increase in the level of Sa in liver concomitant with an increase in the Sa/So ratio was observed in the FB-treated group compared to the control group. This result is in agreement with previous data obtained with higher levels of FB in broiler chicken diets, and with data obtained in plasma using the same dose [29,38]. Together, the lack of histopathological damage to the liver and the lack of increase in LDH activity in plasma confirmed the alteration of sphingolipid metabolism occurred at a level of FB that is not hepatotoxic in broiler chickens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In mammals, the most toxic effect of FUS other than ZON on reproductive function has been mild-to-moderate lesions of testes with Sertoli cell degeneration and impaired spermatogenesis observed in rabbits fed 0.13 to 5 mg FB1/kg diet for 175 days [36,37]. Studies conducted in mice suggested that DON may have an adverse effect on the epididymal weight at 10 mg/kg of feed for 90 days with slight changes in relative testis weight and spermatid counts, but no histological changes [38]. In the present study, no significant difference was observed in the variables measured to reveal toxicity of FUS in broiler testes except a decrease in the diameter of the seminiferous tubule and a decrease in catalase activity in the DONFBZON group that are difficult to interpret.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lack of Toxic Interaction between Fusariotoxins in Broiler Chickens Fed throughout Their Life at the Highest Level Tolerated in the European Union

Métayer

Travel

Mika

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Fusarium mycotoxins (FUS) occur frequently in poultry diets, and regulatory limits are laid down in several countries. However, the limits were established for exposure to a single mycotoxin, whereas multiple contamination is more realistic, and different studies have demonstrated that it is not possible to predict interactions between mycotoxins. The purpose of this study was thus to compare the toxic effect of deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB) and zearalenone (ZON), alone and in combination on broiler chickens, at the maximum tolerated level established by the EU for poultry feed. Experimental corn-soybean diets incorporated ground cultured toxigenic Fusarium strains. One feed was formulated for chickens 0 to 10 days old and another for chickens 11 to 35 days old. The control diets were mycotoxin free, the DON diets contained 5 mg DON/kg, the FB diet contained 20 mg FB1 + FB2/kg, and the ZON diet contained 0.5mg ZON/kg. The DONFBZON diet contained 5, 20, and 0.5 mg/kg of DON, FB1 + FB2, and ZON, respectively. Diets were distributed ad libitum to 70 broilers (male Ross PM3) separated into five groups of 14 chickens each reared in individual cages from one to 35 days of age. On day 35, after a starvation period of 8 h, a blood sample was collected, and all the animals were killed and autopsied. No difference between groups that could be attributed to FUS was observed in performances, the relative weight of organs, biochemistry, histopathology, intestinal morphometry, variables of oxidative damage, and markers of testicle toxicity. A significant increase in sphinganine and in the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio was observed in broilers fed FB. Taken together, these results suggest that the regulatory guidelines established for single contamination of broiler chickens fed with DON, FB, and ZON can also be used in the case of multiple contamination with these toxins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Toxic Interaction between Fusariotoxins in Broiler Chickens Fed throughout Their Life at the Highest Level Tolerated in the European Union

Métayer

Travel

Mika

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…Model calculations in Europe show that vulnerable high-yield cows exposed to feed with the current European maximum levels for AFB1 might produce in some cases milk with AFM1 levels above the European limit (19): the consumers of milk or dairy products from intensive, high-yield farming might be more exposed to AFM1, thus corroborating the magnitude of the AF problem both in low-scale and intensive farming. An important feature of AFM1 is the binding with the protein fraction of milk, and in particular the preferential binding to casein during milk coagulation (20).…”

Section: Global Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Hotspot for (Global) One Health in Primary Food Production: Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Frazzoli

Gherardi

Saxena

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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One Health involves the multifaceted environment-animal-human web: nevertheless, the role of toxicological issues has yet to be fully explored in this context. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of feeds is a risk for the health of several farm animals, including fishes; milk is the only food of animal origin where a significant feed-food carry over may occur. The main AFB1-related compound present in milk is the hydroxy-metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). Besides contamination of raw milk, AFM1 is of concern for the whole dairy chain; AFM1 may also contaminate the milk of several other ruminants used for milk/dairy production. In a One Health perspective, milk represents a sentinel matrix for AFB1 vulnerability of the agro-food system, that is crucial in a phase when food/nutritional security becomes a global issue and climatic changes may affect agricultural productions. In the global setting, food chain exposure to long-term toxicants, such as AFM1, is a growing concern for economically developing countries, whereas global trade and climatic change makes AFM1 an emerging hot issue in economically developed countries as well. We critically review the state of the art on AFM1 risk assessment and risk management using two scenarios as case studies: a European Union country where the health system aims at ensuring a high-level protection of food chain (Italy) and the world’s largest (and economically developing) producer of dairy products by volume (India). The case studies are used to provide building blocks for a global One Health framework.

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“…Fumonisins are generated by various fungal species such as Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum also by A. niger and were discovered in 1988 in South Africa [56,57]. Nowadays 28 types of fumonisin have been identified that are divided into four groups, fumonisins A (A1, A2, and A3), fumonisins B (B1, B2, and B3), fumonisins C (C4, C3, and C1), and fumonisins P (P1, P2, and P3), but the most important group of fumonisins is the B group, which contains fumonisins B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2), B3 (FB3) [58].…”

Section: Fumonisinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins: The Hidden Danger in Foods

Çinar¹,

Onbaşı²

2020

Mycotoxins and Food Safety

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites synthesized by a variety of fungal species such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. These secondary metabolites are toxic and have a significant impact if they enter the production and food chain. Mycotoxins have attracted worldwide attention because of their impact on human health, huge economic losses, and domestic and foreign trade. Although more than 400 mycotoxins have been identified, most studies have focused on aflatoxins (AF), ochratoxin A (OTA), Fusarium toxins, fumonisin (FUM), zearalenone (ZEA), trichothecenes (TCT), and deoxynivalenol/nivalenol due to food safety and economic losses. This chapter will be addressing the type of mycotoxins, its importance in food industry, preventive measures, and implementation of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) to control mycotoxin.

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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to fumonisins as undesirable substances in animal feed

Cited by 43 publications

References 106 publications

Lack of Toxic Interaction between Fusariotoxins in Broiler Chickens Fed throughout Their Life at the Highest Level Tolerated in the European Union

Lack of Toxic Interaction between Fusariotoxins in Broiler Chickens Fed throughout Their Life at the Highest Level Tolerated in the European Union

The Hotspot for (Global) One Health in Primary Food Production: Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Mycotoxins: The Hidden Danger in Foods

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