Opiate agonists activate feeding in Limax: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro effects.

Wong, M.; Delaney, K.; Gelperin, A.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.1.15

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Rewarding properties have been demonstrated across different invertebrate taxa for psychostimulants (Wolf, 1999, Kusayama & Watanabe, 2000, Panksepp & Huber, 2004), opioids (Srivastava & Singh, 2006, Nathaniel et al, 2009, 2010), alcohol (Parson, 1979, Bellen, 1998, Cadieu et al, 1999, Abramson et al, 2000, 2004), nicotine (Singaravelan et al, 2005), and caffeine (Singaravelan et al, 2005). Drugs of abuse also promote unconditioned behavioral responses similar to those in mammals, including stereotypical movements, increased locomotor activity, and consummatory behaviors (Wong et al, 1991, Morgan and Sedensky, 1995, Mc Clung & Hirish, 1998, Singh and Heberlein, 2000; Bainton et al, 2000, Rothenfluh & Heberlein, 2002, Dimitrijevic et al, 2004, Raffa & Martley, 2005, Feng et al, 2006). Many of these responses, following repeated drug administrations, are susceptible to sensitization (McClung & Hirsh, 1998, Wolf, 1999, Wolf & Heberlein, 2003, Hou et al, 2004, Dimitrijevic et al, 2004, Scholz, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

d-amphetamine stimulates unconditioned exploration/approach behaviors in crayfish: Towards a conserved evolutionary function of ancestral drug reward

Alcaro

Panksepp

Huber

2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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In mammals, rewarding properties of drugs depend on their capacity to activate a dopamine-mediated appetitive motivational seeking state—a system that allows animals to pursue and find all kinds of objects and events needed for survival. With such states strongly conserved in evolution, invertebrates have recently been developed into a powerful model in addiction research, where a shared ancestral brain system for the acquisition of reward can mediate drug addiction in many species. A conditioned place preference paradigm has illustrated that crayfish seek out environments that had previously been paired with psychostimulant and opioid administration. The present work demonstrates that the administration of d-amphetamine stimulates active explorative behaviors in crayfish through the action of the drug within their head ganglion. Crayfish, with a modularly organized and experimentally accessible, ganglionic nervous system offers a unique model to investigate (1) the fundamental, biological mechanisms of addictive drug reward; (2) how an appetitive/seeking disposition is implemented in a simple neural system, and (3) how it mediates the rewarding actions of major drugs of abuse.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

d-amphetamine stimulates unconditioned exploration/approach behaviors in crayfish: Towards a conserved evolutionary function of ancestral drug reward

Alcaro

Panksepp

Huber

2011

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Opioid systems, behavioral thermoregulation and shell polymorphism in the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis

Kavaliers

1992

J Comp Physiol B

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The nootropic properties of ginseng saponin Rb1 are linked to effects on anxiety

Churchill

Gerson

Hinton

et al. 2002

Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science

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Previous studies have shown that crude ginseng extracts enhance performance on shock-motivated tasks. Whether such performance enhancements are due to memory-enhancing (nootropic) properties of ginseng, or to other non-specific effects such as an influence on anxiety has not been determined. In the present study, we evaluated both the nootropic and anxiolytic effects of the ginseng saponin Rb1. In the first experiment, 80 five-day-old male chicks received intraperitoneal injections of 0, 0.25, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg Rb1. Performance on a visual discrimination task was evaluated 15 minutes, 24 and 72 hours later. Acquisition of a visual discrimination task was unaffected by drug treatment, but the number of errors was significantly reduced in the 0.25 mg/kg group during retention trials completed 24 and 72 hours after injection. Animals receiving higher dosages showed trends towards enhancement initially, but demonstrated impaired performance when tested 72 hours later. Rb1 had no effect on response rates or body weight. In the second experiment, 64 five-day-old male chicks received similar injections of Rb1 (0, 0.25, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) and separation distress was evaluated 15 minutes, 24 and 72 hours later. Rb1 produced a change in separation distress that depended on the dose and environmental condition under which distress was recorded. These data suggest that Rb1 can improve memory for a visual discrimination task and that the nootropic effect may be related to changes in anxiety.

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Opiate agonists activate feeding in Limax: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro effects.

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

d-amphetamine stimulates unconditioned exploration/approach behaviors in crayfish: Towards a conserved evolutionary function of ancestral drug reward

d-amphetamine stimulates unconditioned exploration/approach behaviors in crayfish: Towards a conserved evolutionary function of ancestral drug reward

Opioid systems, behavioral thermoregulation and shell polymorphism in the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis

The nootropic properties of ginseng saponin Rb1 are linked to effects on anxiety

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