Ophthalmic Findings Among One Thousand Inhabitants of Rarotonga, Cook Islands

Heriot, Wilson; Crock, G. W.; Taylor, Russell H.; Zimmet, Paul

doi:10.1111/j.1442-9071.1983.tb01057.x

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…32 Table 5 presents the prevalence of DR in various types of diabetic populations. 7,8,10,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] In addition to differences in the diagnostic criteria, this disparity is largely due to the different sources of type 2 diabetes. Since subjects with DR in our study were identified among presymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, a substantial proportion of patients had NPDR, and only a small proportion of diabetic patients had severe DR.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Kinmen, Taiwan

et al. 2006

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Section: Prevalence Of Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Kinmen, Taiwan

et al. 2006

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“…The prevalence of both diabetic retinopathy (DR) (3) and nephropathy (9) is high in the Micronesians of Nauru, which has one of the highest recorded prevalences of NIDDM, but retinopathy was relatively uncommon in Polynesians in the Cook Islands (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Polynesians of Western Samoa

et al. 1995

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“…13 Such primary and secondary prevention strategies are believed to be costeffective. 14 The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy has been reported for a few Pacific nations, ranging from 8.2% to 52.6%, [15][16][17][18] but in the last ophthalmic survey in Vanuatu (1989), of 3520 people aged .6 years, diabetic retinopathy was not identified as a major cause of blindness or low vision. 19 There have been no recent studies on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases or on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Vanuatu.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy, associated risk factors and vision loss in patients registered with type 2 diabetes in Luganville, Vanuatu

Smith

Szetu

Bourne

2006

British Journal of Ophthalmology

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Aim: To determine the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes in Luganville, the second largest town in Vanuatu. Additionally, to investigate risk factors for retinopathy and the effect of retinopathy on visual acuity (VA) within this group. Method: All 83 registered patients with type 2 diabetes in Luganville, a town of 13 121 people, were invited for an interview and anthropometric measurements. A questionnaire including assessment of hypertension and glycaemic control, which are known risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, was administered. This sample accounted for approximately 1.07% of Luganville's adult population. Presenting VA was measured. The retina was photographed with a non-mydriatic fundus camera and images later independently graded for the extent of retinopathy. Results: 68 (82%) of the 83 patients attended. The mean (SD) age was 54 (11) years and 31 (46%) were male. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 36 (52.9%) of the sample. Sight-threatening retinopathy requiring urgent referral was present in 15 (22.1%) patients. Presenting VA was worse than 6/12 in the better eye in n = 32 (47%) and in up to half of these cases the principal cause was retinopathy. In addition, four people had uniocular blindness resulting from diabetes. The mean body mass index was lower in those patients with diabetes with retinopathy than in those without (p = 0.010), but there were no other significant differences between the two groups and, specifically, no difference in the frequency of retinopathy risk factors. 42 (61.8%) patients had hypertension (>135/85 mm Hg) or were taking antihypertensive therapy. Conclusions: The prevalence of registered patients with diabetes in Luganville's adult population was 1.07%. Diabetic retinopathy was highly prevalent in the sample (in 36, 52.9%), and in 15 (22.1%) there was a significant threat to sight, with up to 25% of the sample possibly already affected by decreased VA or blindness resulting from diabetes-related eye disease. Retinopathy risk factors were also prevalent. A diabetes screening programme with baseline ophthalmic assessment and follow-up are urgently needed to enable timely intervention and treatment.

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Ophthalmic Findings Among One Thousand Inhabitants of Rarotonga, Cook Islands

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Population-Based Study of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Kinmen, Taiwan

Population-Based Study of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Kinmen, Taiwan

High Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Polynesians of Western Samoa

The prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy, associated risk factors and vision loss in patients registered with type 2 diabetes in Luganville, Vanuatu

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