Operational performance of grid‐connected PV systems on buildings in Germany

Jahn, U.; Nasse, W.

doi:10.1002/pip.550

Cited by 114 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The important quantity of PV systems analyzed makes it possible to extend the results not only to the French market, but also to the European one and, henee, they are of general interest. In fact, the conclusions are congruent with previous analyses of the operational performance of residential PV systems installed during the lasttwo decades in Germany,Switzerland, Italy, Spain,Netherlands, Japan, Taiwan, Brazil and USA [3][4][5][6][7][8], and can be useful to important works that are presently ongoing [9] and whose main purpose is the assessment of the performance and reliability of PV systems.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The energy productions reported are thus sufficiently representative to be compared with other previous studies in the literature. As a comparison, annual productions around 800kWh/kW p were reported for PV systems installed 5-10 years ago in the North and East of Germany [3], Two main causes explain the lower productions reported for the PV systems in Germany respect to France. First, the solar radiation is globally higher in France.…”

Section: í Energy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

Leloux

Narvarte

Trebosc³

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Residential PV system Energy production Performance Ratio Performance Index CIS HIT PI FranceThe main objective of this paper is to review the state of the art of residential PV systems in France. This is done analyzing the operational data of 6868 installations. Three main questions are posed. How much energy do they produce? What level of performance is associated to their production? Which are the key parameters that most influence their quality? During the year 2010, the PV systems in France have produced a mean annual energy of 1163 kWh/kW p . As a whole, the orientation of PV generators causes energy productions to be some 7% inferior to optimally oriented PV systems. The mean Performance Ratio is 76% and the mean Performance Index is 85%. That is to say, the energy produced by a typical PV system in France is 15% inferior to the energy produced by a very high quality PV system. On average, the real power of the PV modules falls 4.9% below its corresponding nominal power announced on the manufacturer's datasheet. A brief analysis by PV modules technology has led to relevant observations about two technologies in particular. On the one hand, the PV systems equipped with heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) modules show performances higher than average. On the other hand, the systems equipped with the copper indium (di)selenide (CIS) modules show a real power that is 16% lower than their nominal valué.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: í Energy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

Leloux

Narvarte

Trebosc³

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…Over recent decades numerous applications of PV technology in buildings have emerged, which have been studied to focusing on assess and reconsider technical PV aspects or totally architectural [1][2][3][4][5], As a result of the lessons learned, the constructive application of the PV technology like consolidated form has been taken; this is nowadays a clearly defined market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘State-of-the-art’ of building integrated photovoltaic products

2013

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During the last decades, the photovoltaic (PV) modules and their associated architectural materials are increasingly being incorporated into the construction of the building envelope such as facade, roof and skylights in the urban centers.This paper analyzes the-state-of-the-art of the PV elements and construction materials which are advertised as BIPV-products at the most important companies in the world. For this purpose 136 companies and 445 PV elements have been investigated and analyzed from a technical and architectural point of view. Also, the study has been divided into two main groups according to industry which producing the product: BIPV-Modules, which comes from the PV modules manufacturers and consist of standard PV-modules with some variations in its aesthetic features, support or dimensions; and PVConstructions Elements, which consist of conventional constructive elements with architectural features intentionally manufactured for photovoltaic integration. In advance for conclusions, the solar tile is the most common PV-constructions element, the Si-crystalline is the most widely used PV technology, and the BIPV-urban furniture is the fastest growing market experienced in recent years. However, it is clear the absences of innovative elements which meet at the same time both the constructive purpose as the quality standards of PV technology.

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“…Figure 3 shows the EPBT estimates for multi-Si PV modules and systems, in comparison with those for CdTe thin film PV modules and systems). Note that a Performance Ratio of 75% (accounting for the effects of shading, snow cover, heat loss and DC-AC conversion loss) 11 was assumed for the roof-top systems, a value which might be somewhat conservative.…”

Section: Crystalline Silicon Pv Modules On Rooftopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photovoltaics energy payback times, greenhouse gas emissions and external costs: 2004–early 2005 status

Fthenakis

Alsema

2006

Progress in Photovoltaics

262

135

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Life cycle assessments and external cost estimates of photovoltaics have been often based on old data that do not reflect the extensive technological progress made over the past decade. Our assessment uses current (2004-early 2005) manufacturing data, from twelve European and US photovoltaic companies, and establishes the Energy Payback Times (EPBT), Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and external environmental costs of current commercial PV technologies. Estimates of external costs are about 70% lower than those in recent high-impact publications which were derived from the old data. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. INTRODUCTIONI t is well understood that production of energy by burning of fossil fuels generates a number of pollutants and carbon dioxide. What is less known is that any anthropogenic means of energy production, including solar, generate pollutants when their entire life cycle is accounted for. A life cycle starts from the mining and processing of materials that comprise solar cells, modules and balance of system, and ends to their final decommissioning, disposal and/or recycling. Costs associated with the environmental, health and societal impacts that are not included in the direct cost of electricity, are called external costs of electricity production. While societal external costs are difficult to quantify, external costs associated with environmental and health protection or damage have been quantified in monetary terms. Perhaps the most well-known effort to quantify environmental and health damages due to electricity production, is the European Union's series of ExternE (External Costs of Energy) projects. The ExternE methodology starts from emissions generated at specific sources and follows their impact to receptors through atmospheric dispersion and dose-response functions. In general, this type of environmental impact assessment is well accepted, although assumptions related to Broader Perspectives the monetary valuation of estimated impacts, especially green-house related impacts, are debateable. 'The ExternE methodology has been applied in a large number of European and national studies to give advice for environmental, energy and transport policies.' 1 Photovoltaic installations in Germany were presented in the latest ExternE report to the European Commission 1 as having 30% higher health impacts than natural gas and GHG emissions of 180 g CO 2 -eq./kWh which would be 10 times higher than those for the nuclear fuel cycle (Figure 1). These results were based on 15-years old PV systems and even older data on module production technology. z Also based on outdated PV technology data a life cycle-based comparison of energy technologies in Australia 2 showed that PV emits about 100 g CO 2 /kWh during its life cycle (Figure 1). The results from these two studies were widely circulated and especially the ExternE publication with its official status is likely to have influenced policy decisions with regard to energy technology. More recent (i.e., 2000) data are included in the Ecoinvent...

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Operational performance of grid‐connected PV systems on buildings in Germany

Cited by 114 publications

References 2 publications

Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France

‘State-of-the-art’ of building integrated photovoltaic products

Photovoltaics energy payback times, greenhouse gas emissions and external costs: 2004–early 2005 status

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