Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea

Hertel, O.; Skjøth, Carsten Ambelas; Brandt, J.; Christensen, Jan H.; Frohn, L. M.; Frydendall, J.

doi:10.5194/acpd-3-3493-2003

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The ACDEP model is continuously validated through careful comparison of model results with monitoring data from the national Background Air Quality Monitoring Programme [ Ambelas Skjøth et al , 2002; Ellermann et al , 2002]. Recently, ACDEP results have likewise been compared to measurements from stations around the North Sea [ Hertel et al , 2002b] and the Baltic Sea [ Hertel et al , 2003b].…”

Section: Validation Of Acdep Results At Three Danish Sites: Keldsnormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing a dynamical ammonia emission parameterization in the large‐scale air pollution model ACDEP

Skjøth¹,

Hertel²,

Gyldenkærne³

et al. 2004

J. Geophys. Res.

104

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[1] Currently, very simple parameterizations for the seasonal variation of the ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions are used in most air pollution models. This limits the capability to reproduce observed seasonal variations in the NH 3 concentrations in rural regions with agricultural activity. A dynamical parameterization of the temporal variation of NH 3 emission for application into air pollution models has therefore been proposed. The obtained improvements are demonstrated by implementing a dynamical NH 3 emission parameterization into the large-scale air pollution model ACDEP. Meteorology, information about agricultural practice, and a simple crop growth model are the basis for the parameterization.

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Section: Validation Of Acdep Results At Three Danish Sites: Keldsnormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, it has been demonstrated that the ACDEP model may be used with good results for carrying out both historical scenarios [ Hertel et al , 2002b] and for forecast calculations [ Hertel et al , 2003b]. Real forecast mode with correct placement of the emission functions is, however, not possible with the current configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing a dynamical ammonia emission parameterization in the large‐scale air pollution model ACDEP

Skjøth¹,

Hertel²,

Gyldenkærne³

et al. 2004

J. Geophys. Res.

104

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“…Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea seawater is mainly controlled by wet deposition (Hertel et al, 2003).…”

Section: Comparison Of the Modelled Precipitation With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have used atmospheric chemistry-transport models (CTM) to investigate the composition and fluxes of atmospheric nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin (Hertel et al, 2003;Hongisto and Joffre, 2005;Langner et al, 2009;Hongisto, 2011;Bartnicki et al, 2011;Geels et al, 2012) mainly focusing on the influence of meteorological and climatological factors and the inter-annual variability of meteorological conditions. Annual atmospheric deposition of total nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin computed with the CTM model EMEP/MSC-W (Simpson et al, 2012) declined between 1995 (305 kt y −1 ) and 2015…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) on the future air quality and nitrogen deposition to seawater in the Baltic Sea region

Karl¹,

Geyer²,

Matthias³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Air pollution due to shipping is a serious concern for coastal regions in Europe. Shipping emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to air on the Baltic Sea are of similar magnitude (330&#8201;kt&#8201;y&#8722;1) as the combined land-based NOx emissions from Finland and Sweden in all emission sectors. Deposition of nitrogen compounds originating from shipping activities contribute to eutrophication of the Baltic Sea and coastal areas in the Baltic Sea region. For the North Sea and the Baltic Sea a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) will become effective in 2021; in accordance with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) target of reducing NOx emissions from ships. Future scenarios for 2040 were designed to study the effect of enforced and planned regulation of ship emissions and the fuel efficiency development on air quality and nitrogen deposition. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was used to simulate the current and future air quality situation. The meteorological fields, the emissions from ship traffic and the emissions from land-based sources were considered at a grid resolution of 4&#8201;&#215;&#8201;4&#8201;km2 for the Baltic Sea region in nested CMAQ simulations. Model simulations for the present-day (2012) air quality show that shipping emissions are the major contributor to atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations over the Baltic Sea. In the business as usual (BAU) scenario, with the introduction of the NECA, NOx emissions from ship traffic in the Baltic Sea are reduced by about 80&#8201;% in 2040. An approximate linear relationship was found between ship emissions of NOx and the simulated levels of annual average NO2 over the Baltic Sea in year 2040, when following different future shipping scenarios. The burden of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Baltic Sea region is predicted to decrease by 35&#8211;37&#8201;% between 2012 and 2040. The reduction of PM2.5 is larger over sea, where it drops by 50&#8211;60&#8201;% along the main shipping routes, and smaller over the coastal areas. The introduction of NECA is critical for reducing ship emissions of NOx to levels that are low enough to sustainably dampen ozone (O3) production in the Baltic Sea region. A second important effect of the NECA over the Baltic Sea region is the reduction of secondary formation of particulate nitrate. This lowers the ship-related PM2.5 by 72&#8201;% in 2040 compared to present-day, while it is reduced by only 48&#8201;% without implementation of the NECA. The effect of a lower fuel efficiency development on the absolute ship contribution of air pollutants is limited. Still, the annual mean ship contributions in 2040 to NO2, sulphur dioxide and PM2.5 and daily maximum O3 is significantly higher if a slower fuel efficiency development is assumed. Nitrogen deposition to the seawater of the Baltic Sea decreases on average by 40&#8211;44&#8201;% between 2012 and 2040 in the simulations. The effect of the NECA on nitrogen deposition is most significant in the western part of the Baltic Sea. It will be important to closely monitor compliance of individual ships with the planned nitrogen emission regulations.

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“…Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea basin was estimated in several studies (Heidam 1993; Hertel et al 2003; Bartnicki and Fagerli 2008; Langner et al 2009; Bartnicki et al 2011; Hongisto 2011; Geels et al 2012; Bartnicki 2014). In all these studies, wet deposition of nitrogen dominates dry deposition, and oxidized nitrogen deposition is higher than that of reduced nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Poland to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to the Baltic Sea

Bartnicki

Semeena

Mazur

et al. 2018

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Poland is the second most important emission source after Germany in contributing atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin. The main sectors contributing to reactive nitrogen emissions from Polish sources, in the period 1995–2014, are combustion and transportation, responsible together for over 97% of nitrogen oxide emissions, and agriculture responsible for over 98% of ammonia emissions. The EMEP MSC-W model with 50-km resolution was used for estimating the contribution of nitrogen emission sources from Poland to nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin and its sub-basins, in the period 1995–2014. Polish contribution in this period is mainly visible in annual wet deposition of reduced nitrogen with the range 13–18% and in wet deposition of oxidized nitrogen: 9–15%. Concerning sub-basins, a major contribution for Polish sources to total nitrogen deposition can be noticed for Baltic Proper with the range 13–19%, followed by northern sub-basins (7–18%) and finally by three western sub-basins (5–7%). Polish contribution to the Baltic Sea Basin in the year 2013 was analyzed in more detail using two models, the EMEP MSC-W model with 50-km resolution and model developed at the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Warsaw with 14-km resolution (IMWM Model). Both models give similar results concerning the deposition of oxidized nitrogen from Polish sources, but results show that the deposition of reduced nitrogen calculated with IMWM model is lower. The most likely reasons for the differences are different parameterizations of the deposition processes and chemical reactions in both models.

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Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Implementing a dynamical ammonia emission parameterization in the large‐scale air pollution model ACDEP

Implementing a dynamical ammonia emission parameterization in the large‐scale air pollution model ACDEP

Impact of a nitrogen emission control area (NECA) on the future air quality and nitrogen deposition to seawater in the Baltic Sea region

Contribution of Poland to Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition to the Baltic Sea

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