“…In addition, previous research explored multiple types of flexibility from different perspectives and their importance. Key elements include product development [52], supply chain [53], process [47,55], operational [115,116], strategic [117], leadership [56,57], project team [58], financial, structural, technological [35], cross-cultural [59], contractual [60], and human resource flexibilities [54]. However, existing literature exploring construction industry PBEs OF is scarce.…”