Operational efficiency of water damless intake

Abstract

An improved hydraulic method for increasing the efficiency of operation of a damless water intake is presented. Physical picture of the movement of bottom and surface sediments during flow division in the damless water intake ABMCh (Amu-Bukhara machine channel). Analysis of the distribution of sediment along the channel of the channel showed that clay particles of suspended sediment <0.005 mm increase from the inlet to the main structure of the ABMCh from 15% to 36%. Dusty particles of suspended sediment d = 0.05 also increase from inlet to G.P. ABMCh from 38% to 66%. Sandy sediment particles d = 0.05 to 0.25 mm, on the contrary, decrease from 3% to 71%, and sediment particles d> 0.25 mm decrease from 1.30 to 0.15%. It is substantiated that the angle of the flow outlet to a greater extent influenced the formation of vortex zones at the entrance to the outlet. The size and intensity of the vortices at the inlet, in turn, determined the pressure loss, as well as the amount of sediment deposited at the water inlet, by the amount of sludge entering the outlet. The analysis of the experiments showed that the optimal threshold angle to the shore is (β = 30°, 45° 60°.; It is recommended that when setting the water intake mode it is necessary to take into account the fact that the reduction of the discharge angle to reduce the pressure loss at the inlet to the water intake, the latter is more intense carried by precipitating suspensions. It has been established that intense deformations of the Amudarya river channel occur in the area of the ABMCH water intake: Due to dredging of the channel by the dredgers, the pulp is thrown into the river channel, it turns out, as it were, storage of sediment on the right bank. This, in turn, leads to a narrowing of the river channel and siltation of the supply channel, which contributes to the movement of the channel to the left bank and complicates the intake from the river into the channel. Taking into account the complexity of the processes occurring during the division of the flow, it is necessary to consider the qualitative and quantitative aspects of this phenomenon ‘in pure form‘, without affecting the moving flow of various anti-ballistic devices. To improve the conditions of water intake and the quality of the incoming stream, an improved scheme with new structural elements is proposed.

Consideration of climatic factors in the operating mode of hydraulic facilities in the Amudarya river basin

“…This study aims to study climate change and future projections for the Amu Darya basin. The Amu Darya is the largest river in Central Asia, with a catchment area of 309,000 km2 and a length of 2540 km [3][4][5][6][7]. It is a transboundary river shared by Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.…”

“…The expected increase in water consumption here leads to competition for water at the regional and local levels between irrigation and energy, other sectors of the economy. Intensive climate warming is noted throughout Central Asia and the prospective assessment of the region's water resources, taking into account climate change, shows that none of the considered climate scenarios reflecting warming involves an increase in the available water resources [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The calculations obtained indicate that by 2050 the volume of river flow in the Amu Darya basin will decrease by 10-15% and in the Syr Darya by 6-10%.…”

Achieving reliability and energy savings in operate of pumping stations

“…To improve the safety and sustainable operation of РS, it is recommended to: develop regulatory documents that determine the properties of water, which do not lead to wear of equipment and destruction of materials; a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the degree of risk from the impact of a resource of inappropriate quality during the operation of the РS [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Channel bed processes experimental modeling in the area of damless water intake

“…In [8], based on many years of research, they somewhat expanded the concept of the channel process and concluded that "the channel process is understood as a constant change in the morphological structure of a river that occurs under the influence of flowing water».…”

“…The reason for this is the complexity and multifactorial nature of the course of channel processes in space and time. Especially great difficulties arise in the design of head structures with a damless water intake from the Amu Darya, the channel of which, due to the large slopes of the bottom, high flow rates and easy erosion of bottom sediments (represented by fine sandy weak soils), is subject to extremely complex intense planned and deep deformations [6][7][8]. To solve this problem, it is recommended to use physical -experimental modeling, which can give a specific forecast of channel deformations in the area of the damless water intake to the head structure.…”