Operational definition of normal sinus heart rate

Examination of print and telephone channels for physical activity promotion: Rationale, design, and baseline data from Project STRIDE

“…The overall percent body fat as measured by calipers was 34.1% for women and 23.2% for men, which is comparable to other physical activity intervention studies [53]. The average resting blood pressure was a systolic of 113 and a diastolic of 72 with an average resting heart rate of 77 bpm, all of which are considered within normal limits [54][55][56].…”

The Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Rest Premature Ventricular Contractions

“…Several large studies confirm our finding of heart rate not being related to age (Gillum, 1988;Morcet et al, 1999;Simpson et al, 2002;Spodick et al, 1992). There are conflicting reports in the literature as to the association of gender and heart rate.…”

Need for a Revision of the Normal Limits of Resting Heart Rate

“…Some years ago, Spodick et al 13 attempted to redefine the normal limits of heart rate on the basis of the results obtained in a population of subjects aged 50 to 80 years. By the addition of 2 SD to the mean heart rate value, Spodick et al found upper normal limits of 93 bpm for resting heart rate in the men and of 95 bpm in the women, which are above those found to be associated with an increased risk of mortality by most investigators.…”

“…In fact, no increased risk of mortality was generally found for the lowest values of sinus heart rate. With the above mentioned approach, Spodick et al 13 identified the level of 50 bpm as the lowest normal limit of heart rate, but there is no indication from the literature that a heart rate below that limit is really hazardous in the absence of sinoatrial dysfunction. It is obvious that a low heart rate, particularly in unfit elderly subjects, may need further evaluation for sinoatrial node dysfunction or other diseases.…”