Operation of Large Cryogenic Systems

Rode, C.; Ferry, B.; Fowler, W.B.; Makara, J.; Peterson, T.; Theilacker, J.; Walker, R. J.

doi:10.1109/tns.1985.4334427

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…The CHL has the high efficiency associated with large components, but the requirements for distribution of cryogenic liquids and electric power to the service buildings located around the ring are reduced. 13 This system provides reliability through a combination of redundancy and storage of large inventories of liquid helium (63,000 1), gaseous helium (5100 kg at 1700 kPa) and liquid nitrogen (254,000 1). Moreover, the system is designed to permit flexible operations, having an extensive set of control valves, regulators, and sensors; plus, it has a control system which can be operated under computer control, or under a computer/manual combination, or completely manually.…”

Section: Fermi Lab Tevatron Cryogenic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refrigeration

2002

Introduction to High-Temperature Superconductivity

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Cooling something to 77 K is conceptually simple: immerse the object in liquid nitrogen. No one worries about where liquid nitrogen comes from; it is a by-product of oxygen production, and costs in truckload quantities. However, the field of superconductivity has long been relegated to the research laboratory explicitly because it is so expensive to reach 4 K, the temperature of liquid helium. The purpose of this chapter is to explain how very low temperatures are achieved.

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Section: Fermi Lab Tevatron Cryogenic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refrigeration

2002

Introduction to High-Temperature Superconductivity

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Recent Operating Experience with the Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier

Walker

Barnes

Bossert

et al. 1986

Advances in Cryogenic Engineering

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Control of large helium cryogenic systems: a case study on CERN LHC

Pezzetti

2021

EPJ Techn Instrum

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The CERN cryogenic facilities demand a versatile, distributed, homogeneous and highly reliable control system. For this purpose, CERN conceived and developed several frameworks (JCOP, UNICOS, FESA, CMW), based on current industrial technologies and COTS equipment, such as PC, PLC and SCADA systems complying with the requested constraints. The cryogenic control system nowadays uses these frameworks and allows the joint development of supervision and control layers by defining a common structure for specifications and code documentation. Another important advantage of the CERN frameworks is the possibility to integrate different control systems into a large technical system with communication capability. Such a system is capable of sharing control variables from all accelerator apparatus in order to cope with the operation scenarios.The first implementation of this control architecture started in 2000 for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Since then CERN continued developing the hardware and software components of the cryogenic control system, based on the exploitation of the experience gained. These developments are always aimed at increasing the safety and improving the performance. To overcome the long-term maintenance challenges, key strategies such as the use of homogeneous hardware solutions and the optimization of the maintenance procedures were set up. They are easing the development of the control applications and the hardware configuration by allowing a structured and homogeneous approach. Furthermore, they reduce the needed manpower and minimize the financial impact of the periodical maintenance. In that context, the standardization of technical solutions both at hardware and software level simplify also the systems monitoring the operation and maintenance processes, while providing a high level of availability.

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Operation of Large Cryogenic Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Refrigeration

Refrigeration

Recent Operating Experience with the Fermilab Central Helium Liquefier

Control of large helium cryogenic systems: a case study on CERN LHC

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