Operating-Condition-Based Voltage Control Algorithm of Distributed Energy Storage Systems in Variable Energy Resource Integrated Distribution System

Abstract

Penetration of variable energy resource (VER) is limited by voltage constraints in distribution systems. Hence, distributed energy storage systems (ESS) have been considered to be a promising solution owing to their fast and flexible control capability. This paper proposes a voltage control algorithm of the distributed ESS based on the varying operating conditions of the distribution systems. In the proposed algorithm, the required responses of the distributed ESS are controlled for regulating the monitored voltage on the distribution system by using the matched Jacobian element derived from the operating conditions as its control gain. In addition, each required response is readjusted by allocating the violated voltage to distributed ESS respectively based on the portion of its Jacobian element and its available state of charge (SoC). The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through time-series simulation by employing one of the actual distribution systems with a high penetration of VER in Korea.

The Impact of Distributed Energy Storage on Distribution and Transmission Networks’ Power Quality

“…References [26][27][28][29][30] examine in-depth how BESS can help to increase voltage support in a grid due to the high rates of distributed generation. The proposed strategy can mitigate the voltage unbalance issue, improve the voltage profile, and correct power factors while supporting sustainable distribution system operation.…”

Flywheel energy storage systems: A critical review on technologies, applications, and future prospects

“…FESS is mostly employed for transmission and distribution purposes. 123 Table 4 highlights the overall cost analysis for FESS.…”

“…The cost invested in the storage of energy can be levied off in many ways such as (1) by charging consumers for energy consumed; (2) increased profit from more energy produced; (3) income increased by improved assistance; (4) reduced charge of demand; (5) control over losses, and (6) more revenue to be collected from renewable sources of energy 122 . Applications involving regular energy storage and discharge at a high rate need to focus on the cost per unit power output to choose the appropriate ESS.…”

Distribution System Renewable Hosting Capacity Maximization with Second-Use Electric Vehicle Storage Using Critical Capacity Retention Calculation Model

“…The annual cycle number of the electric vehicle battery is 127.4005 while assuming that the rated capacity of each power battery is 25 kWh, which can be derived from formula (2). Within the specified system life, the above-mentioned sampling process is repeated, and the second-use capacity of the power battery in the following year is finally obtained.…”

“…In addition, it can also effectively enhance the ability to accommodate renewable energy. At the user load side, the energy storage system can adjust the node voltage level, improve power quality, and optimize the power flow management of the distribution network [1,2]. The system also has some other applications that can be used, such as in electric vehicles, rail transit, and other industries.…”