Operaísmo Digital: tecnologia, plataformas e circulação das lutas dos trabalhadores

Abstract

RESUMOO uso das tecnologias digitais tornou-se parte essencial dos debates contemporâneos sobre como o trabalho está mudando, o futuro do trabalho e dos trabalhadores, incluindo as resistências e a organização. O operaísmo levantou muitas dessas questões no contexto da fábrica -particularmente por meio do Operaismo italiano -conectando a experiência do local de trabalho a uma luta mais ampla contra o capitalismo. No entanto, há muitas diferenças entre essas fábricas e os novos locais de trabalho digitais nos quais muitos trabalhadores se encontram hoje. Os métodos de pesquisa a partir dos trabalhadores e as teorias da composição de classes são um legado útil do Operaísmo, fornecendo ferramentas e uma perspectiva para compreender e intervir nas lutas dos trabalhadores hoje. No entanto, isso exige aprimoramento e atualização em ABSTRACT The use of digital technology has become a key part of contemporary debates on how work is changing, the future of work/ers, resistance, and organising. Workerism took up many of these questions in the context of the factory -particularly through the Italian Operaismo -connecting the experience of the workplace with a broader struggle against capitalism. However, there are many differences between those factories and the new digital workplaces in which many workers find themselves today. The methods of workers' inquiry and the theories of class composition are a useful legacy from Operaismo, providing tools and a framework to make sense of and intervene within workers' struggles today. However, these require sharpening and updating in a digital context.

Industrial platform capitalism

“…Authors from the Marxist-Maoist tradition(Bettelheim, 1976;Magaline, 1977; Linhart, 1983) are radically averse to the theses of technological determinism which caused theoretical and social harm in the twentieth century, either through Stalinist stages (capitalism-socialism-communism), based on an almost Saint-Simonian understanding of the progress of technique and industry as a means of overcoming capitalism, or within the debate on the forms of political organisation and revolutionary 'consciousness', interpreted in accordance with the primacy of the productive forces.8 The relation of productive forces to the relations of production is the background for the demonstration of our arguments, except for the cases when we see this relationship being mistakenly recovered by the theses of digital workerism(Englert, Woodcock & Cant, 2020). It is more properly demonstrated when we show the basis on which the new nucleus of subordination of the working class is constituted, developed in a long process of technological, managerial and scientific maturation, that creates the basis for the structural materialisation of digital platforms as the current, but not final(Gramsci, 2001), form of industrial production.…”

Precarious but organized: the resistance strategy of uberized workers

“…14 In São Paulo, center of the mobilization, there was a large motor march from the Masp museum to Estaiada bridge. In addition to the mobilizations materialized on the streets, behind this, there is an entire informal network of ongoing contacts of these workers by messaging applications and groups on social networks (Cant, 2020;Kalil, 2020;Englert, Woodcock and Cant, 2020).…”

Trabalho decente no contexto das plataformas digitais: uma pesquisa-ação do Projeto Fairwork no Brasil

“…Por outro lado, enquanto uma perspectiva social democrata, envolvem os próprios limites do capitalismo, enquanto mudanças internas, do que seria decente, digno ou justo dentro do próprio sistema Brasília 74(2) 370-389 abr/jun 2023 | 377 capitalista. Pesquisadores da área de economia de plataformas têm refletido sobre os alcances conceituais de trabalho decente, ora a partir de uma visada honnetiana sobre reconhecimento (Rosenfield;Mossi, 2020), ora a partir do marxismo autonomista e da enquete operária (Englert;Cant, 2020). No entanto, questões de fundo permanecem para serem investigadas.…”