“…The BM implementation can provide direct access to hardware for configurability, reducing the overheads for computing and for hardware interactions for I/O. The application performance on BM as compared to abstracted hardware, i.e., on a VM or container, has been examined in Yamato et al [99].…”
In order to facilitate flexible network service virtualization and migration, network functions (NFs) are increasingly executed by software modules as so-called "softwarized NFs" on General-Purpose Computing (GPC) platforms and infrastructures. GPC platforms are not specifically designed to efficiently execute NFs with their typically intense Input/Output (I/O) demands. Recently, numerous hardwarebased accelerations have been developed to augment GPC platforms and infrastructures, e.g., the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, to efficiently execute NFs. This article comprehensively surveys hardware-accelerated platforms and infrastructures for executing softwarized NFs. This survey covers both commercial products, which we consider to be enabling technologies, as well as relevant research studies. We have organized the survey into the main categories of enabling technologies and research studies on hardware accelerations for the CPU, the memory, and the interconnects (e.g., between CPU and memory), as well as custom and dedicated hardware accelerators (that are embedded on the platforms); furthermore, we survey hardware-accelerated infrastructures that connect GPC platforms to networks (e.g., smart network interface cards). We find that the CPU hardware accelerations have mainly focused on extended instruction sets and CPU clock adjustments, as well as cache coherency. Hardware accelerated interconnects have been developed for on-chip and chip-to-chip connections. Our comprehensive up-to-date survey identifies the main trade-offs and limitations of the existing hardware-accelerated platforms and infrastructures for NFs and outlines directions for future research.
“…The BM implementation can provide direct access to hardware for configurability, reducing the overheads for computing and for hardware interactions for I/O. The application performance on BM as compared to abstracted hardware, i.e., on a VM or container, has been examined in Yamato et al [99].…”
In order to facilitate flexible network service virtualization and migration, network functions (NFs) are increasingly executed by software modules as so-called "softwarized NFs" on General-Purpose Computing (GPC) platforms and infrastructures. GPC platforms are not specifically designed to efficiently execute NFs with their typically intense Input/Output (I/O) demands. Recently, numerous hardwarebased accelerations have been developed to augment GPC platforms and infrastructures, e.g., the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, to efficiently execute NFs. This article comprehensively surveys hardware-accelerated platforms and infrastructures for executing softwarized NFs. This survey covers both commercial products, which we consider to be enabling technologies, as well as relevant research studies. We have organized the survey into the main categories of enabling technologies and research studies on hardware accelerations for the CPU, the memory, and the interconnects (e.g., between CPU and memory), as well as custom and dedicated hardware accelerators (that are embedded on the platforms); furthermore, we survey hardware-accelerated infrastructures that connect GPC platforms to networks (e.g., smart network interface cards). We find that the CPU hardware accelerations have mainly focused on extended instruction sets and CPU clock adjustments, as well as cache coherency. Hardware accelerated interconnects have been developed for on-chip and chip-to-chip connections. Our comprehensive up-to-date survey identifies the main trade-offs and limitations of the existing hardware-accelerated platforms and infrastructures for NFs and outlines directions for future research.
“…Here, OpenStack is open source IaaS software and Cloud Foundry is open source PaaS software, and we can use them for cloud application development and operation. We previously contributed to the development of OpenStack and many cloud providers such as NTT Communications adopt OpenStack and Cloud Foundry for their cloud services [20], [21], [22].…”
Abstract:Recently, progress has been made in IoT technologies and applications in the maintenance area are expected. However, IoT maintenance applications are not widespread in Japan yet because of the one-off solution of sensing and analyzing for each case, the high cost collecting sensing data and insufficient maintenance automation. This paper proposes a maintenance platform which analyzes sound data in edges, analyzes only anomaly data in cloud and orders maintenance automatically.
“…Recently, IoT and cloud technologies have progressed. Manufacturing and maintenance are hot areas for IoT applications, and IoT platforms have also been created to develop and operate IoT applications effectively.…”
Recently, internet of things (IoT) technologies have progressed, but IoT maintenance applications are not widespread in Japan yet because of insufficient analyses of real-time situations and the high costs of configuring failure detection rules and collecting sensing data. In this paper, using lambda architecture concept, we propose a maintenance platform on which edge nodes analyze sensing data, detect anomalies and extract a new detection rule in real time, and a cloud orders maintenance automatically.
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