Openness to Experience, Intellect, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, and Psychoticism: Resolving the Controversy

Chmielewski, Michael S.; Bagby, R. Michael; Markon, Kristian E.; Ring, Angela J.; Ryder, Andrew G.

doi:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_128

Cited by 162 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In fact, the relationship may differ among facets within the domain (Chmielewski, Bagby, Markon, Ring, & Ryder, 2014;Samuel & Widiger, 2008). There has long been a connection between intelli gence and openness to experience, which is explicitly labeled intellect within the Big Five.…”

Section: The Perpetually Problematic Fifth Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model traits as maladaptive extreme variants of the five-factor model: An item-response theory analysis.

Suzuki¹,

Samuel²,

Pahlen³

et al. 2015

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

163

150

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Over the past two decades, evidence has suggested that personality disorders (PDs) can be conceptualized as extreme, maladaptive variants of general personality dimensions, rather than discrete categorical entities. Recognizing this literature, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alternative PD model in Section III defines PDs partially through 25 maladaptive traits that fall within 5 domains. Empirical evidence based on the self-report measure of these traits, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), suggests that these five higher-order domains share a structure and correlate in meaningful ways with the five-factor model (FFM) of general personality. In the current study, item response theory was used to compare the DSM-5 alternative PD model traits to those from a normative FFM inventory (the International Personality Item Pool-NEO [IPIP-NEO]) in terms of their measurement precision along the latent dimensions. Within a combined sample of 3,517 participants, results strongly supported the conclusion that the DSM-5 alternative PD model traits and IPIP-NEO traits are complimentary measures of 4 of the 5 FFM domains (with perhaps the exception of openness to experience vs. psychoticism). Importantly, the two measures yield largely overlapping information curves on these four domains. Differences that did emerge suggested that the PID-5 scales generally have higher thresholds and provide more information at the upper levels, whereas the IPIP-NEO generally had an advantage at the lower levels. These results support the general conceptualization that 4 domains of the DSM-5 alternative PD model traits are maladaptive, extreme versions of the FFM. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: The Perpetually Problematic Fifth Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model traits as maladaptive extreme variants of the five-factor model: An item-response theory analysis.

Suzuki¹,

Samuel²,

Pahlen³

et al. 2015

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

163

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our hypothesis is that psychoticism does not correspond to Openness/Intellect as a global dimension but, rather, is a maladaptive variant of its Openness aspect specifically. Studies in both normal and clinical populations have demonstrated that, although Openness shows a positive association with psychosis-proneness (or apophenia , the tendency to detect patterns where none exist), the association of Intellect with apophenia is very weak or even negative (DeYoung et al, 2012; Chmielewski, Bagby, Markon, Ring, & Ryder, 2014). Because Psychoticism appears to be differentially associated with Openness and Intellect, its association with the general Openness/Intellect factor is suppressed, and its linkage with normal personality dimensions may be best modeled at the aspect level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten aspects of the Big Five in the Personality Inventory for DSM–5.

DeYoung¹,

Carey²,

Krueger³

et al. 2016

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

138

109

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DSM-5 includes a dimensional model of personality pathology, operationalized in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), with 25 facets grouped into five higher-order factors resembling the Big Five personality dimensions. The present study tested how well these 25 facets could be integrated with the 10-factor structure of traits within the Big Five that is operationalized by the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS). In two healthy adult samples, 10-factor solutions largely confirmed our hypothesis that each of the 10 BFAS scales would be the highest loading BFAS scale on one and only one factor. Varying numbers of PID-5 scales were additional markers of each factor, and the overall factor structure in the first sample was well replicated in the second. Our results allow Cybernetic Big Five Theory (CB5T) to be brought to bear on manifestations of personality disorder, because CB5T offers mechanistic explanations of the 10 factors measured by the BFAS. Future research, therefore, may begin to test hypotheses derived from CB5T regarding the mechanisms that are dysfunctional in specific personality disorders.

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“…(e.g., Chmielewski, Bagby, Markon, Ring, & Ryder, 2014;Fruyt et al, 2013;Gore & Widiger, 2013;Thomas et al, 2012), others have not found any association (Few et al, 2013;Quilty, Ayearst, Chmielewski, Pollock, & Bagby, 2013;Suzuki, Samuel, Pahlen, & Krueger, 2015;Watson et al, 2013). The debate has focused partly on how researchers define Openness to Experience/Intellect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological Personality Traits (DSM-5), Risk Factors, and Mental Health

Góngora

Solano

2017

Sage Open

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In Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), a dimensional model of maladaptive personality traits is proposed. This model coexists with, and is an alternative to, the traditional categorical taxonomy and defines a personality trait as a tendency to feel, perceive, behave, and think in relatively consistent ways across time and across situations. Although consistent, traits may also change throughout one's life (APA, 2013).The DSM-5's new model consists of 25 lower order personality facets that are classified into five higher order domains: Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism. These five broad domains are maladaptive variants of the five domains of the extensively validated and replicated Five-Factor personality model known as the "Big Five": Emotional Stability, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Lucidity (or Openness; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012). Although the DSM-5 focuses on personality traits that are associated with psychopathology, which is the traditional interest of the DSM classification system, it also recognizes the existence of healthy polar opposites, that is, adaptive and resilient personality traits, which are usually assessed by "normal" personality inventories (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) was developed to assess the maladaptive personality traits proposed in the DSM-5 (Krueger et al., 2012). There is an increasing body of research that supports the psychometric properties of the PID-5, with an internal consistency α >.70 for all of its dimensions. Evidence of the five-factorial structure has been found in student, community, and clinical samples (see Al-Dajani, Gralnick, and Bagby, 2016, for a review).

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Openness to Experience, Intellect, Schizotypal Personality Disorder, and Psychoticism: Resolving the Controversy

Cited by 162 publications

References 42 publications

DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model traits as maladaptive extreme variants of the five-factor model: An item-response theory analysis.

DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model traits as maladaptive extreme variants of the five-factor model: An item-response theory analysis.

Ten aspects of the Big Five in the Personality Inventory for DSM–5.

Pathological Personality Traits (DSM-5), Risk Factors, and Mental Health

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